The Day After :: essays research papers

The Day AfterThe Day After, was viewed in the living room of my house on two occasions. The purpose of viewing this movie is to write a movie critique from my AP U.S. History 3rd block class. The objective of this everywhereall story is to stage the event and effects that would occur if there were to be a nuclear war. The director of The Day After, is Nicholas Myer and the producer is Robert A. Papazian. The three main characters in this film entangle Dr. Russell Oakes played by Jason Robards, Stephen Klien played by Steve Guttenburg, and Jim Dahlberg played by John Cullum. The political background of this movie includes escalating events of the Cold War, which led to a nuclear holocaust. The Soviet Union was in a competition with the United States over economic and political systems. As tensions between rose among the United States and the Soviet Union, President Eisenhower employ Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) as spies to get information from the Soviet Union. The plot of T he Day After, is that a nuclear bomb warning is given to a town near Kansas City, Eisenhower Doctrine. The residents of the town become very frantic and buy supplies to last them through this tough time. The military personnel believe that the country is notwithstanding taking a precaution and that nothing with really happen. But one afternoon the residents were given a 30-minute warning before they would see soviet warheads immediate above them. The soviets dropped weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) on the United States and instantly many people died. Within a couple of day people all over the city and nation suffered from severe injury, breathing complications, and skin conditions due to the mass amounts of radiation in the air. Throughout the movie, the radio and television updated the citizens about what was going on overseas at the time. This includes historical events such as the Warsaw Pact of 1955-a military alliance of the Soviet Union and its satellite nations. The radio also mentioned the closing off of West Berlin from East Germany, which took place in 1948. The NATO pact alliance was a defensive military alliance of the United States, Canada, and ten European nations. The historical events were interpreted from a general perspective. There was a change in attitude in The Day After, because the military personnel at first were not convinced(p) of the seriousness of the Soviets and their ability to launch nuclear missiles among the United States.

Desktop Computer vs. Laptop Computers :: Compare Contrast Technology Essays Papers

background knowledge Computer vs. Laptop ComputersThe invention of computing devices has made a huge commute in human civilization and society, by changing the way people think. Computers replaced jobs and tedious repetitive thoughts that were done by human originally. People became much and more reliant on computers, and thus, computers became essential to our lives. Computers can manufacture products quickly, and eliminate possible human errors. As technology progresses, new ideas have been brought into computer to make them finish more efficiently. Also, scientists and engineers tend to make things smaller, so we can enjoy the benefits from electronic devices anywhere and anytime. Therefore, size of it and efficiency are two main points for consumers. Desktop computer and laptop computer are representatives for each of these concepts. Although desktops and laptops come from the same origin, they are different in many ways. The history of computers is an amazing story cha nge with interesting statistics. The first computer was invented by a man named Konrad Zuse. He was a German construction engineer, and he used the machine mainly for mathematic calculations and repetition (Bellis, Inventors of Modern Computer). The invention shocked the world it inspired people to start the development of computers. Soon after, In 1946, John Mauchly and J Presper Eckert developed the fastest computer at that time, the ENIAC I. It was built under the assistance of the US army, and it was used on military researches. The ENIAC I contained 17468 vacuum tubes, along with 70000 resistors, 10000 capacitors, 1500 relays, 6000 manual switches and 5 one thousand thousand soldered joints. It covered 1800 square feet of floor space, weighed 3 tons, consumed 160 kilowatts of electrical power.(Bellis, Inventors of Modern Computer)These statistics are amazing, but even more amazing is the development of computers. Now in 2005, in this short 68-year period, computer technology h as changed its entire look now, we use computer chips instead of vacuum tubes and circuit board instead of wires. The changes in size and speed are probably the biggest. When we look at computers today, it is very hard to imagine computers 60 years ago were such big, heavy monsters. Desktop computers were unremarkably used since the late 90s. The increasing number of applications on desktop computers allowed us to do all kinds of different activities like games, music, video, document editing and so on. In comparison with laptop computers, desktop computers have more stable performance, greater capacities, and throughout history, they have proven themselves more reliable to handle every job they have been assigned.

The Negative Effect of Social Media on Individuals Essays -- social me

Most people believe that social messaging is more of a get ahead than a consequence, unless using social media can actually be harmful. Social media is something most kids, teens, and purge some adults are using all the time. It has fetch a part of our generations lives. Having people on their phones all day long is not only disappointing, but also damaging. Instead of lecture to someone face-to-face and hanging out, people prefer just texting or going on a social network. For some people understanding a life without social media is near impossible. Using social media can substantiate some adverse effects such as it causes cyberbullying, it can compromise education, and it could have an effect on social skills. To begin with there are many bullies out in the world, but many of these same bullies are finding a new way to target children and teens, and this is through social media. Social media has become a way to influence suicidal behaviors because of cyberbullying. Cyber bully ing is when a child is designedly and repeatedly targeted by another child or teen in the form of threats or harassment. Experiments showed that victims of cyber bullying are twice as likely to set about suicide than people who were not. (Luxton 3). Cyberbullying should be taken very seriously because of the horrible outcomes it might just bring. One of these outcomes is suicide. Suicide is something nobody should ever have to even think about, and the fact that many more children and teens are thinking about suicide is disgusting. Not only can the child be suffering from this online predator, but these children have family too. Social media has become more of a weapon to bullies, according to Nirvi Shah. When asked what she feels like cyberbullying on social ne... ...gher Education, Nov 30, 14. Luxton, D. D., PhD., June, J. D., B.A., & Fairall, J. M., B.S. (2012). Social media and suicide A public health perspective. American Journal of Public Health, 102, S195-S200. Serrano, K en. Tyler Clementis Rutgers Roommate Indicted in Connection with Webcam Broadcast. Asbury Park PressApr 20 2011. ProQuest. Web. 20 Mar. 2014 . Shah, Nirvi. Social Networks Anonymity Becomes Weapon for Bullies. McClatchy Newspapers 2011 mar 31 N.p. Web. 20 Mar. 2014.Social Media Affects Social Skills, Future speculates. University WireFeb 11 2014. ProQuest. Web. 20 Mar. 2014 .Teens use of Social Media Positive Or Negative? Curriculum Review 52.2 (2012) 10. ProQuest. Web. 25 Mar. 2014.Wallenfang, Maureen. For Many Job Seekers, Social Media is Helpful, Problematic. The Post - CrescentMar 20 2011.ProQuest. Web. 26 Mar. 2014 .

The Common Origins of the World’s Major Religions Essay -- Essays Pape

The Common Origins of the Worlds Major ReligionsAll too a great deal in modern society it is the differences and conflicts that serve to separate apparitional groups that are emphasized. The mainstream media, fundamentalists propaganda, and other sources choose to ignore the numerous similarities that many religions share, and instead focus on the divisive elements. In this paper, I will attempt to shed light on the many commonalities in dogma that I believe exist betwixt the major religions of the world. I also want to illustrate the fact that in addition to having similar core teachings, many religions have histories that have either endured or arisen during eons of persecution. It is ironic that in many cases, the persecution that a particular group faces happens to be at the hands of the mainstream of a society who at one time or another had been persecuted themselves for their religious beliefs. Throughout the history of civilization, religion has played an essential r ole in many societies. There are many reasons why religions have played such a prominent role in defining the culture of a society, but arguably the most notable of these reasons is that a belief or faith in a spiritual or divine power can add meaning and significance to may lots worldly lives. This phenomenon has proven to be especially true amongst persecuted peoples. One of the reasons why persecuted peoples have shown a great propensity for holding steadfast religious beliefs is that their faith can give them a sense of hope and reason for living despite the terrible conditions of persecution. Evidence of this can be seen in the Jewish, Christian, and Islamic societies. All three of these societies have been subjected to varying forms of pers... ...micro as well as macro levels.Works CitedArmstrong, Karen. The Battle for God. naked York Random House, Inc. 2000.Armstrong, Karen. Islam. New York The Modern Library. 2000.Chilton, Bruce. Rabbi Jesus. New York Random House, Inc. 2000.Encyclopedia Britannica 2002Herman, A.L. A Brief Introduction to Hinduism. Boulder Westview Press. 1991.Humphreys, Christmas. Exploring Buddhism. London George Allen & Unwin Ltd. 1974.Kauffman, William E. Contemporary Jewish Philosophies. New York University Press of America. 1985.Iftekhar, Mahmood. Islam Beyond Terrorists and Terrorism. Lanham University Press of America. 2000.Christians Try to feel Jewish Roots, http//www.jewishaz.com/jewishnews/970418/christan.shtmlhttp//www.religioustolerance.org/jainism.htmhttp//www.ops.org/scrtec/india/jainism.htmlwww.beliefnet.com

The Political Principles of Thoreau Essay -- Politics Political Essays

The Political Principles of Thoreau Henry David Thoreau was, in many ways, ahead of his time in his governmental beliefs. During his brief life, he lectured occasionally and struggled to get his publications published. Gaining very little recognition during his lifetime, his death in 1862 went virtually unnoticed, and his true genius as a social philosopher and writer was not fully recognised until the twentieth century. Ironically, Civil Disobedience, the anti-war, anti-slavery essay for which he is probably best kn stimulate, has become a manual for social protest by giving support to the dormant resistance of Mohandas Gandhi, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and other conscientious objectors (Paul 233). Thoreaus Civil Disobedience was mainly a protest against slavery I cannot for an instant recognize the political organisation as my government which is the slaves government also (854). On a deeper level, the essay was a general protest against any form of po litical injustice and an affirmation of the obligation of peaceful resistance, encouraging individuals to disobey any laws they felt were unjust. In 1846 while living at Walden, Thoreau demonstrated the doctrine of passive resistance when he was arrested for not paying poll taxes because of his opposition to Texas entering the Union as a slave state and his opposition to the Mexican War. He was robbed of the chance to test the tax when he was released from jail the next day after a relative paid what was owed. Desiring to make the public aware of the emancipationist cause, Thoreau composed an essay that considered the rights and duties of the individual in relation to government. He noted that man is not bound to a government that legislat... ...bove any unsatisfactory maculation in life through the power of intellect. Thoreaus summation of the role of government is eloquently stated in these lines from Civil Disobedience. There will never be a really fre e and enlightened State until the State comes to recognize the individual as a higher and independent power, from which all its own power and authority are derived, and treats him accordingly (867).Works CitedMeltzer, Milton, ed. Thoreau People, Principles, and Politics. New York Hill, 1963. 80-88.Paul, Sherman, ed. Walden and Civil Disobedience. By Henry David Thoreau. Boston Houghton, 1960. 231-233. Thoreau, Henry David. Resistance to Civil Government. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. fifth part ed. Ed. Nina Baym. New York Norton, 1999. 852-867. Transcendentalism. The World Book Encyclopedia. 1994 ed.

The Political Principles of Thoreau Essay -- Politics Political Essays

The Political Principles of Thoreau Henry David Thoreau was, in m whatsoever(prenominal) ways, ahead of his time in his political beliefs. During his brief life, he lectured on occasion and struggled to get his writings published. Gaining very little recognition during his lifetime, his death in 1862 went virtually unnoticed, and his true genius as a social philosopher and writer was not fully cognised until the twentieth century. Ironically, civic Disobedience, the anti-war, anti-slavery essay for which he is probably best known, has become a manual for social protest by crowing support to the passive resistance of Mohandas Gandhi, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and other conscientious objectors (Paul 233). Thoreaus Civil Disobedience was mainly a protest against slavery I cannot for an instant recognize the political organization as my government which is the slaves government also (854). On a deeper level, the essay was a general protest against any form o f political injustice and an affirmation of the obligation of passive resistance, encouraging individuals to disobey any laws they felt were unjust. In 1846 while living at Walden, Thoreau demo the doctrine of passive resistance when he was arrested for not paying poll taxes because of his inverse to Texas entering the Union as a slave state and his opposition to the Mexican War. He was robbed of the chance to test the tax when he was released from jail the next day after a relative paid what was owed. Desiring to make the everyday aware of the abolitionist cause, Thoreau composed an essay that considered the rights and duties of the individual in relation to government. He noted that man is not bound to a government that legislat... ...bove any unsatisfactory situation in life through the power of intellect. Thoreaus summation of the role of government is eloquently stated in these lines from Civil Disobedience. there will never be a really free and enl ightened State until the State comes to recognize the individual as a higher and free power, from which all its own power and authority are derived, and treats him accordingly (867).Works CitedMeltzer, Milton, ed. Thoreau People, Principles, and Politics. New York Hill, 1963. 80-88.Paul, Sherman, ed. Walden and Civil Disobedience. By Henry David Thoreau. Boston Houghton, 1960. 231-233. Thoreau, Henry David. Resistance to Civil Government. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Fifth ed. Ed. Nina Baym. New York Norton, 1999. 852-867. Transcendentalism. The World Book Encyclopedia. 1994 ed.

Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness

Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness is the cornerstone of our nations Declaration of Independence. When considering this quote and identifying an individual or group of individuals who have continued to attend this belief in the twentieth century and beyond, one must consider the name Cesar Chavez and the organization, The United Farm Workers, he was so instrumental in its formation, as being synonymous with this phrase. (U. S. Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776))Cesar Estrada Chavez was natural March 31, 1927 on a small bring up near Yuma, Arizona that his grandfather had homesteaded during the 1880s. Chavez was the second born of six children to Librado and Juana Chavez. At age 7 Cesar began school, but found it very difficult due to the fact that his family only spoke Spanish. Chavez preferred to learn from his uncles and grandparents who would convey to him in Spanish and additionally he learned many things from his mother who believed that violence and selfishn ess were wrong and stressed this with all her children.In the 1930s, at age 10, Chavez was forced to fuck off his life as a unsettled heighten worker when his father lost the land homesteaded by his grandfather during the Great Depression. These were bitterly poor quantify for the Chavez family and together with thousands of other displaced families, they migrated throughout the Southwestern United States, laboring in the fields and vineyards. Cesar in an effort to help support his parents and brothers and sisters dropped out of school after(prenominal) the eighth grade. (www. clnet. ucla. edu) At the age of 18, Chavez joined the U. S.Navy and served in the western Pacific front during the end of World War II. In 1948, Cesar married Helen Fabela, who he had met term working the vineyards in Delano, they later sett take in the East San Jose barrio of Sal Si Puedes, where Chavez later authored a book entitled Sal Si Puedes (Escape If You Can). Following his return from circumst ances in the U. S. Navy and his marriage to Helen, he returned to the fields as a migrant get laborer, but he began to fight for change. That same year, 1948, Cesar took part in his first of many strikes in protest of low wages and poor working conditions.However, within several days the workers were forced back to the fields. In 1952, Chavez met Fred Ross, who was an transcriber for a group known as the Community Service Organization (CSO), which was a barrio-based self-help group that was sponsored by a Chicago-based group which had been formed by capital of Minnesota Alinsky called the Industrial Area Foundation. Chavez soon became a full-time organizer with CSO, coordinating and spearheading voter registration drives, battling racial and economic discrimination against Hispanic residents, and organizing new CSO chapters across atomic number 20 and Arizona.Chavez became the national director of CSO in the late 1950s and early 1960s, but his dream was to create an organization to help farm workers whose suffering he not only empathized with, but had shared and endured. After approximately 10 years of acting as the national director and continuing to organize Hispanics throughout California and Arizona for the CSO, Chavez resigned his paid position, the first regular paying full-time job he had since being discharged from the Navy, as he was unable to convince the CSO to ease up itself solely to farm worker organizing.Following his resignation he moved his wife and 8 children back to Delano, California where he became a full-time organizer of farm workers and founded the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) , and this newly founded organization grew rapidly. (www. clnet. ucla. edu) In 1965 the NFWA, headed by Chavez, began a boycott of grape growers in Delano, California, which lasted some 5 years. In 1966, during this boycott, Chavez led his followers on a 340 mile march to the state capitol in Sacramento, California to bring the plight of the farm w orkers to national attention.The march started with only 75 workers and supporters and the rally ended in Sacramento with over 10,000 people on the capitol steps. That same year Schenley Vineyards was the first grower to negotiate this nations union contract with a farm union, the NFWA. In 1966, the NFWA merged with the mostly Filipino-American union, the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) to form the United Farm Workers (UFW). As the strike continued and the story of the farm workers became much widely known in the United States and around the world, many Americans rallied to their cause and joined the boycott of all table grapes produced in the U.S.. By 1970 more than 65 percent of California grape growers had negotiated and signed labor contracts with the UFW. Also, to avoid a similar UFW boycott, many of the Salinas Valley lettuce and vegetable growers signed labor contracts with the Teamsters Union. In reception to this Chavez and the UFW called for a boycott of lettuce and more than 10,000 farm workers in Californias Central Coast went on strike. In 1972, as the UFW membership continued to grow and increase in numbers, the UFW became the United Farm Workers of America, AFL-CIO.By 1979 the UFW had won pay increases for its members and had signed contracts with a significant number of growers of lettuce and other produce growing farms, and their membership grew to over 100,000. The UFW experienced numerous conflicts with the Teamsters Union which led to the murder of several UFW supporters. These events, coupled with the election, in California, of the Republican governor George Deukmejian whose administration supported the growers, led to many setbacks for the UFW movement as thousands of farm workers were fired, and their membership began to decline.From the mid 1980s through the early 1990s Chavez and the UFW continued their fight for improved conditions for farm workers. On April 23, 1993, Cesar Chavez died in his sleep at the home of a migrant farm worker in San Luis, Arizona. In commemoration of his life 35,000 mourners walked behind Chavezs casket during his funeral which was held 6 days after his death in Delano, California. In 1994, chairperson Bill Clinton honored Cesar Chavezs fight for farm workers rights by awarding him the Medal of Freedom, the nations highest civilian honor.In his citation President Clinton praised Chavez for having faced formidable, often violent opposition with haughtiness and nonviolence. (www. ufw. org) Following his death, Chavez was succeeded as leader of the UFW by the veteran UFW organizer, Arturo S. Rodriguez. In 1994, in honor of Cesar Chavez, Rodriguez and his supporters retraced the steps of Chavezs historic march of 1966. By the time this commemorative march reached the steps of the state capitol in Sacramento it had amassed over 20,000 in UFW workers and supporters, thus marking the start of a new UFW campaign to unit, organize, and empower farm workers.This reinvigorati on of the UFW movement has since signed up more workers in California as well as Florida and the state of Washington. Since this rejuvenation of membership the UFW, in the early twenty-first century, has continued to fight for better wages, win better collective bargaining rights, and gain better housing and sanitation for its worker members as well as restrict the use of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and other dangerous pesticides which are commonly used by growers. Cesar Chavez, by his tenacity, drive, and personal efforts, left our world better than he found it, and his legacy inspires us still.He was for his own people, the farm worker, who labored in the fields and yearned for respect and self-sufficiency and who associated themselves and their hopes on this man who, with faith and discipline, soft verbalise humility, and amazing inner strength, led a courageous life. Every day in California and in other states where farm workers are organizing, Cesar Chavez lives in t heir police van and he lives wherever Americans farm workers, who he inspired, work nonviolently for social change. (www. ufw. org)

Operation Management Case

1. The R&D department is planning to bid on a large examine for the development of a new parley system for commercial planes.The accompanying table shows the activities, convictions, and sequences required Activity Immediate Predecessor Time (weeks) A - 3 B A 2 C A 4 D A 4 E B 6 F C, D 6 G D, F 2 H D 3 I E, G, H 3 a. Construct the appropriate intercommunicate diagram. (10 points) pic pic b. What is the project completion time? A-C-F-G-I OR A-D-F-G-I =3+4+6+2+3=18 WEEKS . Suppose you want to shorten the completion time as much as possible, and you have the following options each at an additional cost of $1500 1) center activity C by one week 2) Reduce activity D by one week 3) Reduce activity G by one week If you will save $2000 for each week that the earliest completion time is reduced, which option, if any, would you choose? (10 points) C, D, G argon good options to choose, and the cost are less than $2000. 2. The following table represents a plan for a project Time Estimates (days) Job No. Predecessor Job(s) pollyannaish Most likely Pessimistic 1 - 2 3 4 2 1 1 2 3 3 1 4 5 12 4 1 3 4 11 5 2 1 3 5 6 3 1 2 3 7 4 1 8 9 8 5, 6 2 4 6 9 8 2 4 12 10 7 3 4 5 11 9, 10 5 7 8 a. Construct the appropriate network diagram. (10 points) picpic b. Which jobs can be delayed without delaying the entire project? (10 points) The critical path is 1-4-7-10-11, thus, the job could be delayed are 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9 c. What is the expected completion time for the project? (20 points) Job No. a m b ET AV 1 2 3 4 3 0. 33 2 1 2 3 2 0. 33 3 4 5 12 6 1. 33 4 3 4 11 5 1. 33 5 1 3 5 3 0. 67 6 1 2 3 2 0. 33 7 1 8 9 7 1. 33 8 2 4 6 4 0. 67 9 2 4 12 5 1. 67 10 3 4 5 4 0. 33 11 5 7 8 6. 83 0. 50 d. Is the probability that the project will take less than 27 days to complete larger than 50% or smaller than 50%? (10 points)

Religion and Homophobia in Trinidad and Tobago Essay

As previously demonstrated, the data collected was graphically correspond in order to highlight trends or anomalies. tropeure 1 (Fig. 1) begins by showing that 36% of our sample supported same sex hymeneals, whilst 64% did not. Since non-support of same-sex marriage is used as our indicator of homophobia, approximately two-thirds (( 2)? (3 )) of our sample is considered discriminatory. Whilst this suggests that a substantial proportion of our population is supportive of homosexuality, the majority is apparently homophobic.Thus, a standard was found, against which separate elements of the population can then be manipulated and analysed in a positivistic approach. Figure 2 shows that the sexuality of the non-supportive population was al approximately equally distri simplyed, which suggests that perspective is gender neutral. This is surprising considering that gender comm exactly indicates differing perspectives, notwithstanding may perhaps be attributed to the existence of ho mosexuality in both genders.Additionally, this is reflected in Fig 3. where the male merely school, Naparima College is proportionately equal to the female only schools, Naparima Girls High School (NGHS), ASJA Girls College (ASJA) and St. Josephs Convent (SJC). Furthermore, Figure 4 shows that the average CSEC grades (which we will use as an indicator of fosterage level) of the supporters approximately equalled that of the non-supporters. Therefore, neither gender, education level school has significant nucleus on our candidates perception of same-sex marriage. continuing the search for factors that may expunge the development of homophobia, Fig 5 outlines four further dimensions of social animation, showing that, support of the legalisation of marijuana, alcohol consumption habits, history of altercations with the law, and family structure all had negligible effects because the proportions only slightly deviated from the norm. It is only when the dynamic of faith is introduce d that anomalies be capture apparent.As illustrated in Figure 6, there is little variance between the individual religions, with Islam being marginally more homophobic, but, when religion is removed, as in the case of our secular candidates, the proportions are reversed and approximately two-thirds (( 2)? (3 )) of the secular candidates were supportive. Additionally, it was observed that, whilst Muslim candidates had the highest correlation to homophobia within our sample, the candidates from the Islamic school, ASJAGirls College who would have been exposed to the institution for at least five years, a substantial portion of their lives-, had the lowest correlation to homophobia the difference being approximately 10%. This is pertinent because it is also indicative of secularisation by differentiation wherein the non- ghostlike sphere of life, education is separated from religion (Jose Casanova, 1994). In both instances of secularisation, homophobia was reduced.Building on the inve stigation of the influence of religion, religiosity was then compared to opinion employ three cat valium measures of religiosity. Figure 7 shows the traffichip between frequency of visitation of place of idolize and non-support, Figure 8 shows the frequency of private worship against non-support and Figure 8 shows the frequency of private study of religious texts versus non-support. All graphs yielded a positive gradient, began hale below the average and ended well above it.This indicates, that as religiosity increases, so too does homophobia. This contrasts our previous observation that there were no trends amongst the various religions but verifies the implication that secularisation decreases homophobia. Careful consideration of the qualitative data compounds these assertions because, not only is religion openly and usually used as justification of homophobia, the candidates who were virtually fervently religious and enmeshed with their congregation were often most blatantl y homophobic.Additionally, if the view of the religious leaders is to be taken as the consensus of the congregation, it would appear that most justify discrimination. However, there were cases in which the fervently religious advocated positively for same-sex marriages. The phenomena observed can be explained using a functionalist perspective in which religion serves as a method of maintaining social order through increasing solidarity within a mostly heterosexual population by segregating the homosexual, thereby providing a common enemy, and instilling a set of values and norms in order.Also, religion may be viewed as encouraging more productive marriages in which childbirth is possible, thereby helping to sustain the birth-rate, working to aid the system of the family. When candidates are separated from the functions of religion, they are more likely to maintain a different set or norms, wherein homosexuals are equal to heterosexuals. Contrastingly, a Conflict perspective may be used in hich religion serves to justify the construction of a class society in which the heterosexuals are the bourgeoisie and the homosexuals are the proletariat. By masking the foundation of power and exploitation in divine ruling, the heterosexuals are allowed to legitimize their position of superiority. When this john is removed and class consciousness attained, as in the case of secular candidates and candidates with little religiosity, the bourgeoisie can no longer legitimize their position, and so homophobia is reduced.Alternatively, if wholeness is to utilize Webers theory of Rational Choice, one might suggest, that, perhaps candidates decided to follow the homophobic direction of their religious leaders, rationalizing that earning the support of the blameless congregation was worth discriminating against a minority. This theory also serves to explain why candidates supported same-sex marriage, because the prevailing justification was a rationalisation that their (homose xuals) private life did not affect me (the candidate) negatively and was therefore not a problem.This also explains the anomaly of the few candidates who were enmeshed in non-supportive congregations but still supported same-sex marriages. Continuing the interpretivistic trend, Meads theory of Symbolic Interactionism may be applied in which the ascribed meanings of symbols encourage homophobia. For example, candidates who studied their holy texts daily were most likely to be non-supportive. They may ascribe that the text doctors their values and that the text does not support homosexuality, therefore, they, identified as a follower of the text, does not support homosexuality.Another example may be the use of song references in their justification, wherein, candidates interpret the music to disapprove of homophobia and therefore, as listeners, they should also disapprove. Lastly, the use of homophobic slurs such as fag in the language of the non-supporters suggests that homosexualit y is unwanted, and communicates this to others who may interpret it as such, and develop the same opinion.Discussion of Findings In, Invitation to the sociology of religion, Zuckerman presents a functionalist approach in which we see how religion may affect social hange. He demonstrates a correlation between a decline in the influence of religion and an increase in the acceptance of homosexual relations suggesting that religion does indeed influence homophobia as determined from my research. Furthermore, he considered another form of discrimination, that is, racism in which again, religion resulted in the segregation of a minority, but also, where religion provided a powerful community through which resistance could grow.The strength and influence of these churches echoes the observation that the more enmeshed our subjects were in their religious congregations, the more homophobic they tended to be. Building on the methods by which religion could affect social life, the article, Gay s bash government on same-sex marriage, presents a scenario in which religion has clearly moulded the opinion of a prominent member of our government to the point that it over-rode proper conduct.This crass act seems less surprising when it is observed that some candidates also paraphrased or quoted biblical passages in lieu of an explanation. The research paper, Religion and public opinion of same-sex marriage, also adds validation to our research because their results were strikingly similar to our own. They discovered, as I did, that a persons religiosity and not their specific religion was the prominent factor in influencing their view of same-sex marriage.Additionally, the article entitled, J-FLAG Issues Statement on International Day Against Homophobia, also verifies this conclusion by using statistics which showed that 56% believed homosexuality and Christianity were incompatible and that 82% believed that it was immoral. This, second study was conducted in Jamacia and as suc h, it is also more relevant to our research based in Trinidad it should come as no surprise that their sample yielded a homophobic rate only marginally lower than our own at 59% as hostile to 64%.Finally, in relation to our final aim, the research paper, Religion and public opinion of same-sex marriage, also proves handy because they validate that no other standard demographic holds significant influence on a candidates opinion of same-sex marriage besides religiosity. Considering these observations, my main finding appears to be that religion does, in fact, piddle a significant role in developing homophobia within the Lower Six population of San Fernando.Additionally, three main inferences can be made Firstly, that religion may develop homophobia by presenting a community in which homophobia may be justified and advertised as the norm, through interaction with the institution of government, or through symbolic interaction wherein the religious texts are interpreted as encouraging homophobia. Secondly, that religiosity is a much more significant factor than religious affiliation in developing homophobia, with religious affiliation being almost powerless in our study.Thirdly, we may infer that, whilst exposure to the media did have some effect on the development of homophobia as reflected in our qualitative data, by and large, religion is the major influence with no significant alternative factors appearing in our study. ? Limitations Whilst conducting my study, authoritative limitations were confronted. Chief amongst these was the cost effectiveness of conducting such a relatively large-scale survey consisting of over two hundred subjects. Adding to this difficulty was the statistical analysis in which a spreadsheet was necessary.Additionally, in order to balance the ratio of male to female respondents, the strata of Naparima College was over-represented since that was the school in which the most co-operation was met. However, since Naparima College proved to be a typical institution, for the purposes of our study, I believe that the integrity of the data was no compromised. Difficulty was also met in collecting and analysing secondary data sources as inquisitions at our public libraries proved sleeveless and many of the recent, relevant research papers published were either costly, or restricted to members of certain institutions.Lastly, there may have been some, inherent instrument turn in my analysis of the qualitative data. Recommendations On completion of my research, certain recommendations have become apparent. The first being that a complete separation of the church and verbalise must be accomplished in order to provide the allocation of same-sex marriages, and the second being that the institution of religion should be removed from society as it, in its many forms may a dangerous tool for inspiring discrimination. Conclusion Although it has been a lengthy road, it was a straight one, and, in summation, we can determine th at there is indeed a clear relationship between religion and homophobia in which religion inspires the other through various ways. Furthermore, a persons religiosity was shown to be the determining factor in influencing homophobia with no other influence being significant. ?

Women’s Prisons / Correctional Facilities

History regarding the matters of incarcerated wo workforce has dictated that there is such inequality with regards to sexual preferences in the criminal nicety system. Even prior to 1870, the society has enacted upon an unforgiving outlook regarding nonconforming women. Crowded in unsanitary, small and terribly ventilated rooms in mens institutions, incarcerated women were awful abused by male guards and by the whole system of the place itself. Through the years, the call for improving this system has been heard and acted upon by the government.Today, al approximately both state in the country has erected their own penal institutions for women which are also administered upon by staffs and officials in which the majority are women. However, even if improvements regarding these implementations have been accomplished by the government, there is still a clamor regarding indifferences with mens and womens equality in correctional facilities. LESS CONCERN FOR WOMENS PRISON/CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES Due to the dominance of men with regards to the number of incarcerated population than women, more studies are provided for men than for women.Due to this, there have been many unrecognized concerns regarding women and their system of incarceration. Back in 1993, there was a conference that tackled this matter regarding incarceration of women and they found out many conclusions that resulted from a detailed look at the matter. Officials of the National Association of Women Judges, which gathered here ultimately weekend for its 15th annual conference, cite a number of court-ordered studies that interpreted together portray a kind of built-in bias against female convicts in criminal- justice and corrections systems around the country. (Hinds, 1993). They found out results that the number of female population has tripled in number over the past decade that there is a call for for more focus regarding the number of jails and prisons and also improving the system as well. T hey also found out that states have lesser number of substitute prisons for female offenders who are nonviolent, compared to male nonviolent offenders. Findings were also tracked regarding the matter that women tend to have a longer serving time than women due to the incident that they are placed in less crowded facilities than men.Another point that drew concern was that most states only have so few prisons that most women are moved far away from their homes making it harder for their families to visit. Another matter is that prisons for women provide lesser job-training programs. Vocational training is also very limited going away female inmates to choose between few options such as clerical work or homemaking. Adding up to these, studies also showed that women are not adequately taken cared of health-wise. There are only few states that offer obstetrics and gynecology. Hinds, 1993). CONCLUSION Inequity towards incarcerated women can be pinpointed out one by one with the befrie nd of critical analysis and comprehensive study. But with lack of interest regarding this subject matter, the concern for a study of women and their incarceration system has become bleak and overshadowed by the huge concern for men. Though both genders commit criminal offenses whether minor or major, there must still be equal considerations or particular characterization with regards to the system.There can be many examples of this dark side of the criminal justice system, for instance, many structures for incarcerated people are all planned and base on the mens point of view. The health care system, the pregnancy considerations, the design of the structure relating to women, and other female concerns are less addressed. There is a need for further studies of this matter to achieve equal considerations.

Mcdonald Competitive Advantage

McDonalds core competency is providing convenience when people need and want to eat fast provender at prices that are competitive and provide best value for the customers money. One of McDonalds competitive advantages is its focus on consistency ofquality, production of food and theatrical role of vulgar materials all around the world. The world recognition associated with the brand McDonalds itself is also one of McDonalds competitive advantages. We strive to be cost leaders and offer our food at prices that cannot be matched by our competitors.In order to do this, your store must be efficient and keep anyday operations costs as upset as possible. Doing so, will allow for our stores to be superior to other fast food restaurants because we can serve our food at lower prices than any other fast food company. Another important competitive advantage we have here at McDonalds is the speedy delivery of our food. In order to go on this advantage over other fast food chains, you must make the processes of cooking food simple for all your employees.It must be easy to cop and easy to execute with a low failure rate to ensure the quick production and delivery of your food. These two competitive advantages comply directly with the day-dream of the company which is as follows McDonalds vision is to be the worlds best quick service restaurant experience. Being the best means providing outstanding quality, service, cleanliness, and value, so that we make every customer in every restaurant smile. Just like any other firm, McDonalds competitive advantages are what makes it stand out when compared to other companies.These aspects of McDonalds are what helped it become the number one fast food distributor in the world. McDonalds competitive advantage is based on brand recognition. McDonalds brand is considerably known in all markets, nationally and internationally. A new report by business intelligence firm shows how top corporations such as McDonaldss, Coca-cola use their brands to strategically position themselves to gain and retain new customers, even in the most competitive markets. Brand recognition holds tremendous influence on consumer purchase habits

The Portrait of Medieval Social Classes as Presented in the General Prologue to Geoffrey Chaucer’s the Canterbury Tales

The usual Prologue fulfils two functions it tells the story of how the tales came to be told, and it introduces the tellers. There atomic number 18 ab step forward thirty pilgrims travelling to Canterbury to pray to the holy sprightly martyr- St. Thomas of Becket. These characters can be conside rose-cheeked the depicting of the total Middle English society. All the pilgrims can be divided into particular hierarchic structure of clanes. The simplest naval division of society was into three estates those who fight, those who pray, and those who labour, typified by the horse, the pastor and the Plow gentle existence.Women were often treated as an estate to themselves. The basic tripartite division of society, for instance, is reflected in Chaucers making his horse cavalry, Parson and Plowman the three ideal characters on the pilgrimage- along with the Clerk to stand for those who learn and teach. However, I shed to admit that this division is not so manifest, which I explain ed below. Chaucer starts the introduction of pilgrims with the highest-ranking layman, the Knight, with his entourage, and continues with the highest-ranking ecclesiastics, the Prioress and the Monk.The merchandiser, Clerk, sergeant-at-law of Law, and Franklin who follow were regarded to a greater extent or less as social equals, and various another(prenominal) representatives of the middle disciplinees, most of them keen to displace themselves up the social ladder, follow in somewhat haphazard coiffe. The Summoner and forgiver atomic number 18 social and moral misfits in almost every sense, with no obvious place either in a class hierarchy or in the common weal, society as a system of coarse support (Helen Cooper, Oxford Guides to Chaucer The Canterbury Tales, Oxford University Press, 1996).According to Helen Cooper, the basic organization then is by rank, further with some telling exceptions and some haphazardness society is not an ordered hierarchy, not least(prenominal ) because the throng who compose it are reluctant to stay in their places. The Knight and Squire represent very different types, and functions, of chivalry. The Monk is depict in foothold that make him a different kind of antitype to the Knight, and the attributes that might be expected of each are exchanged it is the Monk who hunts and loves good food and clothes, while the Knight is ascetic who has devoted his life to service of Christ (cf. Oxford Guides to Chaucer The Canterbury Tales, Oxford University Press, 1996). If in that respect is a certain logic in the order of the pilgrims, until now, the content of the individual characterizations shows a ceaseless variation. The stress can f completely on dependance, past life, the pilgrims own voice or self-image, moral probity, or tastes and priorities. The estates structure suggest that the pilgrims entrust be defined by their work, but while many of the portraits adopt an distract language, wholly few show their subject doing what his or her fleck requires.In my work I will describe and submit every character and then summary the portrait of the class as a whole, and finally, in the summary I will put forward the whole portrait of society as a whole by summing up the features of each social class. Chivalry Chivalry was doubtlessly the most important of social classes in middle ages. They fought for the king, his kingdom and the religion. Chivalry is also nowadays considered as a pattern of behaviour of ideal man he has to be brave, gentle for ladies and honourable he also has to be ready to die for his beliefs.There are three characters representing this class in The General Prologue. These are the Knight, the Squire, and the yeoman. The Knight is described by Chaucer with respect and honour. Chaucer does not use any irony or satire in the description of the Knight the irony is speechless to those who fall short of the standard of perfection he sets. The function of the Knight was to fight but throughout Christian history, and increasingly in the late fourteenth century, there was a profound unease at the thought of Christian fighting Christian.The wars that were held in the highest esteem were those fought in the cause of God, against the infidel. The knight is not nevertheless a fighter he is that most honoured of warriors, a Crusader (Helen Cooper, Oxford Guides to Chaucer The Canterbury Tales, Oxford University Press, 1996). He participated in many wars against Muslims in Spain, North Africa, and the Near East and pagans around the Baltic. The Knights portrait differs from those of most of the other pilgrims in several respects. He is described rather in terms of moral attributes than physical appearance.It reinforces the sense of his asceticism, his awe much to God than to things of the world. He is also described in terms of what other people think of him he is evere honoured for his worthynesse, set preceding(prenominal)n alle nacions at the table of honour, e veremoore he hadde a sovereyn prys (op. cit. The General Prologue, The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer lines 50, 53, 67). It is a portrait of ideal Christian knighthood. Almost every pilgrim has some particular object of desire, that the Knights should be Trouthe and honour, emancipation and curteisie (op. it. line 46). The Knight is considered perfect by Chaucer. He is modest as a maid, he is devoted to God more than any of the characters representing clergy. He some mea received fought on the side of Muslims, but only if they fought against other Muslims he had never fought against Christians. Despite of his valorous deeds, the knight never boasted of his actions, nor bored his listeners. The Squire would be a candidate for knighthood. He is young, probably in his twenties. He is a son of the Knight. When not in battle, he thinks of himself as a quite a dolls man.He takes meticulous care of his appearance. He could also sing lusty songs, compose melodies, write poetry, and ri de a horse with distinction. He also has all the other proper attributes to go with his being a young lover a fine figure, a dashing military career, and all the courtly accomplishments considered those times as being appropriate for winning ones lady. According to Helen Cooper, the Squire is the iconographic image of young love and its calendar month of May (op. cit. line 92), for the month was often presented as fashionable and gaily trim downed youth on horseback.Chaucer does not quite offer us the Squire at his own valuation- a total failure to sleep on account of love has an affectionate touch of the ridiculous about it, as well as the hyperbolic, but the fresshe floures embroidered on his clothes, and his associations with the spring with sleepless birds make Squire a courtly version of the lifetime of spring (cf. Oxford Guides to Chaucer The Canterbury Tales, Oxford University Press, 1996). The Squire is not only young, strong, and in love he is courteous, eager to server, a nd in all respects perfect of his type, however different from his fathers type.The Yeoman was a servant of the Knight and Squire. He was know as an expert woodsman and an fine archer. A knight held a position in society that had to be visibly maintained, by the presence of at least a minimal retinue. The Yeoman is the servant he brings apart from the Squire, a modesty of display that Chaucer comments in lines 100-101 (op. cit. ). One would expect a Yeoman in the company of such a Knight to be a military figure, a longbowman by the addition of green clothes and the hunting-horn, Chaucer defines him more closely, as a forester.A forester could be anything from a senior administrative official to a gamekeeper the Yeomans knowledge of wodecraft shows him to be one of the more practical kind. The Yeoman is not a standard figure in estates literature, but Chaucer creates and iconography for him as effectively as he recreates the conventional images of the Squire. Whether the Yeoman in truth needs his bow, peacock, arrows, and horn on a pilgrimage is less important than the way they serve to define him.His excellence as a yeoman is summed up in the neologism Chaucer creates for him, yemanly (Helen Cooper, Oxford Guides to Chaucer The Canterbury Tales, Oxford University Press, 1996). To summarize, the chivalry social class representatives are shown as brave men, skilful in battle, famous for their deeds, ready to die for their beliefs servants of their lords and masters. The chivalry participates in wars and is appreciated by the rest of community for its strength, honour, fame, and modesty. Priesthood The priesthood is in the middle class of medieval social hierarchy.Chaucer uses a lot of satire and irony as he describes members of this estate in The General Prologue. Members of this social class who participate in the pilgrimage are the Prioress, the Monk, the Friar, the Summoner, the Parson, and the Pardoner. Descriptions of these characters are much more abunda nt in satire and irony than any other. The Prioress was a head of monastery. She was rather well educated, even though her French was not the accepted Parisian French. She was very overmodest and delicate. When she ate, she took great care for her table manners. She was very courteous and amiable and tried to imitate the manners of the court.She had three small hounds with her which she treated very gently and tenderly. Her dress was very neat and tidy and she wore a gold brooch with the inscription amor vincit omnia. Chaucers description of the Prioress is filled with gentle and subtle irony. Here is a picture of a lady who happens to be a nun, but she never forgets that she is a lady first. Her oath, by Sainte Loy implies that she has chosen the most fashionable and handsome paragon who was also famous for his great courtesy (Bruce Nicoll, The Canterbury Tales notes, Coles Notes, 1992). She emphasis on her appearance.The Monks description simply seems to had been swapped with th e stereotypical description of a knight. The Knight is described as the man who devoted his life to God, and the Monk is called a manly man by Chaucer, which means his portrait is that of a country gentleman. The Monk is elicit in women (on the way which he should not be, regarding to his profession), wearing dearly-won clothes and jewellery, he deals hunting. He is not modest. He does all these things although his monastic orders ban him to run this way. He is supposed to be a beggar and own no goods.In description of the Monk, According to Helen Cooper, Chaucer introduces the materials of antimonastic satire the good living, his failure to keep within the cloister, his favorable reception of secular offices for religious (op. cit. line 187), and his hunting. But it is he himself, not a satirist, who relays all the standard texts and aphorisms on the ills of such life and he then dismisses them by reference to those items of food- oysters (a cheap dish), plucked hens- that fal l well below his favourite diet of roast swan (cf. Oxford Guides to Chaucer The Canterbury Tales, Oxford University Press, 1996).The Monk clearly breaks his vows of poverty, obedience to his rule and perceptual constancy, staying within his monastery. The Friar, like the Prioress, is described by Chaucer with a set of epithets and attributes that in other circumstances might be complimentary he is worthy like the Knight, and curteis and lowely of servyse like the Squire (op. cit. lines 99, 250). But his worthiness shows itself in his refusal to fulfil the basic function of his calling, the relief of the diseased and the outcast. The Friar was hobnobbing with the local franklins and surpassing the Monk in being not just like a prelaat but like a pope (op. it. line 261). The Friar is the first of the pilgrims who explicitly sets the money above God. Destitute widows are the objects not of his charity but of his greed. Over twenty lines of his portrait are devoted to his skill in extr acting money seven more go to his dubious relationships with young women, fair wives, and the barmaids. (Helen Cooper, Oxford Guides to Chaucer The Canterbury Tales) Yet there is no doubt that all such things make the Friar socially attractive the whole emphasis of the portrait falls on the busyness of his social life, on taverns and love-days, on all the people with whom he is on good terms.The Summoner was a man paid to summon evildoers for a trial before a church court. He had a fire-red complexion, pimples and boils, a scaly infection around the eyebrows, and a brassy beard. He treats his sores as leprosy. To make matters worse, he loved to eat garlic, onions, leeks, and drink strong wine. He could quote a few lines of Latin which he was exploitation to impress people. Chaucer calls him a gentil harlot and implies it would be difficult to find a better fellow, because for a bottle of wine, the Summoner would often turn his back and let sinner to continue living in sin. He wa s also well acquainted with ladies of questionable reputation (Bruce Nicoll, The Canterbury Tales notes, Coles Notes, 1992). According to Bruce Nicoll, the Summoners physical appearance fits to his profession well. He is so ugly and gruesome looking that a summons from him is in itself a horrible experience. Thus, Chaucer ironically implies that he is a good fellow. But furthermore, he is a good fellow because sinners could easily bribe him (Bruce Nicoll, The Canterbury Tales notes, Coles Notes, 1992).The Parson is the only one of the churchmen shown by Chaucer that we can call competent and fair. Although he was very poor, he would rather give his own scarce money to his poor parishioners than demand tithes from them. His principle was to live the perfect life first, and then to teach it. His life was a perfect example of true Christian priest, and by his good example, he taught but first followed it himself. Among the other churchmen described in The General Prologue, the Parson s tands out as the ideal portrait of what parish priest should be. He is the ideal Christian man.The Pardoner was a church official who had authority from Rome to sell pardons and indulgences to those aerated with sins. He had just returned from Rome with bagful of pardons which he planned to sell to the ignorant at great profit to himself. He had a loud, high-pitched voice, yellow, move hair. He was beardless. There was no one so good at his profession as was this Pardoner (Bruce Nicoll, The Canterbury Tales notes, Coles Notes, 1992). The pardoner seems to be the most corrupted of the churchmen. In the prologue to his tale, he confesses to his hypocrisy.The Priesthood class is widely criticised by Chaucer. The Prioress pays more attention to her manners than to the substance of her calling. The Monk cares nothing for the rules of his order, the Friar sets money above God. The Summoner and the Pardoner are corrupted. There is only the Parson to fulfil his duties well. He is that good shepherd to care for his sheep. He is the ideal set in the minority of the clergy. The other churchmen described by Chaucer are focused more on their own business than on their mission given by the Catholic church.These characters (excluding the Parson) may be called hypocrites. Higher bourgeoisie Higher bourgeoisie is the class of rich and/or versed townsmen and landlords who are not noblemen. The representatives of this class are, as follows the Merchant, the Clerk, the Sergeant of Law, the Franklin, the Doctor of Physic, and the Reeve. The Merchant is anonymous, I noot how men hym calle (op. cit. line 284). He has a forked beard and a beaver hat that reveals his wealth. He talks about his occupation and the risks connected with working as a merchant.According to Helen Cooper, the merchant, like the Knight and Squire, has his own areas of contemporary campaign (cf. Oxford Guides to Chaucer The Canterbury Tales, Oxford University Press, 1996). Chaucer has mentioned something abo ut the debt of the Merchant in his description, but we are not sure whether the debt is still unpaid or the Merchant had dealt with it before. The Clerk is a student of what would nowadays be considered philosophy or theology. He is introduced as a spry person who has a wide connection of books.He is portrayed as a perfect example of a scholar. He has a bachelor degree and is only devoted to logic. As a subtext to this portrait, there is an opposite description of less ideal clerks those who would treat education as a pathway to well-paid office, who would prefer expensive clothes and music-making to the books for which the Clerk longs. The Sergeant of Law is a lawyer whose main focus is to make money. His legal knowledge and skill in purchasying land is manifestly used primarily for himself as a purchaser.Chaucer uses a lot of law terms in his description of the Sergeant of Law, but no such news show as justice appears. The Franklin is the only pilgrim to be involved in running the society. He and the Sergeant of Law are partners in graft. He is a landowner, however he is not a noble. He did not inherit his wealth and he is not a nouveau riche. The Franklin accepts all the duties and responsibilities that go with his position he has held the office of knight of the shire, sheriff, auditor, and justice of the peace.There is no a single word from Chaucer that would criticise the way that the Franklin fulfils his duties. The Franklin has a white beard. As Helen Cooper noticed, his love differs from the Knights chivalry or the Squires ladies, the Franklin loves his morning snack of bread in wine thus the vocabulary used in his description is gastronomic (cf. Oxford Guides to Chaucer The Canterbury Tales, Oxford University Press, 1996). Moreover, the Franklin also shares his food with other people. That makes him a perfect landlord.The Doctor of Physic is trained in medicine, astronomy and astrology. He could quote all the medical authorities, but he knew not hing of the Bible. He had made a lot of money during the plague. He has a special love for gold, since he prescribes this metal for cures. The Reeve managed a large estate. He was skinny and bad-tempered. He had a close cut beard and short haircut. His subordinates were afraid of him because of his unrelenting preservance. Similarly to the mentioned later Manciple, he had reaped profits for himself by being clever at buying.The high bourgeoisie class representatives are shown by Chaucer as people who are greedy (the Manciple, the Doctor of Physic, the Reeve, the Sergeant of Law, the Merchant, the imperfect clerks described in the description of the ideal Clerk), filled with temptation ( the Franklin) and devoted to their passion (the Clerk, the Reeve). This social class is not criticised so sharply as the clergy. Most of them are fair in their work, some of them are simply perfect (the Clerk, the Franklin), on the other hand some of them cheat (the Reeve).They all neediness to gai n something that make other people consider them upper class. Bourgeoisie Bourgeoisie are simply the townsmen who are neither that rich nor that well-educated as the people from the class I named higher bourgeoisie. They are simple people who live and work in town. They are ordinary people and second most numerous class of the middle ages in Europe. The representatives of this class are, as follows the Guildsmen, the Wife of Bath, the Manciple, the restore, the Shipman, the Miller, and the Host.The Guildsmen are five craftsmen (four clothworkers and the Carpenter) who belong to a single parish guild. The portrait of the Guildsmen is largely devoted to their anxiety to impress others by climbing on the social class hierarchy ladder their knives are decorated with silver chasing, which is remote for their social class, because such ornament was reserved for gentry (lower nobility class members). The Guildsmen sit on dais in a guildhall and fulfil their professional obligations. They penury to be aldermen and they are improving their qualifications day by day. They work fairly and hard.Unfortunately, the Guildsmen are being corrupted by their wives, who want them to get promoted and advanced in social hierarchy, or at least pretend so. They wish to be accorded the superior title of madame. Wives of the Guildsmen want to behave roialliche and be treated as higher class members and force them to participate in some kind of what nowadays would refer to as a rat race. The Wife of Bath was an excellent seamstress and weaver. She has been married five times and been on many outland pilgrimages to Rome, to Bologna, to Jerusalem, to Galice, and to Cologne.Her special talent was her knowledge of all the remedies of love. She was deaf a little. She always was first at the altar or offering in church. The Manciple was a steward for a law school in London. His duty was to buy the food. He was not as learned as the lawyers, but he was smart enough that he had been able to put aside a little sum for himself from every transaction. The Cook in The General Prologue is only defined by his professional skill. He works for the Guildsmen. He has a notorious running sore on his leg.We do not know much more about him from the description in the prologue. The Shipman was the master of vessel and an expert of navigation who knew all the ports from the Atlantic to the North Sea. He was a huge and uncouth man. He could not ride horse well, but no one was a better sailor. Nevertheless, according to Jill Mann, the Shipman had bad habits of thievery, piracy, and mickle murder (Chaucer and Medieval Estates Satire The Literature of Social Classes and The General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales, Cambridge, 1973). The Miller was a stubborn and strong man.His strength would let him outwrestle any man. He had red beard and a wart on his nose. He played the bagpipes as the pilgrims left the town. He had a tendency for thievery. The Host was the leader of the pilgrimage political party and the host of the Tabard Inn. His name is Harry Bailey. He was loud, large and merry, although he possesses a quick temper. He was liked by the pilgrims. Members of the bourgeoisie want to get socially promoted and try to do all the things necessary to achieve this promotion (the best example of this is the behaviour of the Wife of Bath).They focus on making money. Some of them, as the Guildsmen, work hard to improve their social and material status, others, as the Miller and the Manciple, prefer continuous small acts of thievery to enrich. Some of them commit more dangerous crimes, as does the Shipman. All of them are working hard in their profession and are determined to achieve their destination, one way or another. Peasants Peasants are the last social class of middle ages. They are hard-working and poor. Their professions are connected with agriculture. There is only ne representative of this social class appearing in The General Prologue- the Plowman. The P lowman is a small tenant farmer who lives in a perfect peace and charity. He loves God with all his heart. He is always bonny with his neighbours. He regularly pays his tithes to the church. He is a brother of the Parson, and so, they are equally good-hearted. The Plowman, unlike most of the pilgrims, is happy with his position in society. He wears his humble tabard which is appropriate for his rank and never tries to be someone else than he really is.The portrait of the only character of peasant class introduced to us by Chaucer lead us to conclusion that peasants are the poorest and the lowest social class of middle ages, but also the most hard-working and morally good people. In my opinion, the Plowman in his religion can be compared to the Knight, although their material and social statuses completely differ. Summary The division of society portrayed by Chaucer is not obvious. In this work I have introduced the division into social classes by the social position, profession an d, wealth and education level of each character.I think that Chaucer demonstrates his audience that class order and moral order are two different things. Members of the chivalry and the peasant class are on top and the bottom of the hierarchy. Despite of this fact, in some aspects the knighthood characters and the Plowman are equal. They are all modest, hard-working, truly devoted to god, fair to other people and proud of their position. If we exclude these two classes from the hierarchy, there appears the conclusion that the higher social class character belongs to, the richer, the more educated, and the morally worse it is.The social class portrayed by Chaucer as the most corrupted is clergy. Those who should prevent people from sin appear to be the biggest sinners. We can see that the more powerful and richer people become, the bigger sinners they are. The classes described as these of best morality are chivalry and peasants. Every class has its exceptional ideal representative c hivalry- the Knight, clergy- the Parson, bourgeoisie (as one class with higher bourgeoisie)- the Clerk. These characters are patterns of ideal behaviour for all the members of their classes.By this phenomena, Chaucer shows that there is no class that is only corrupted- there is always someone who fulfils his duties perfectly. To sum up, the clergy is shown as a class of people who abuse their position for private profits the bourgeoisie members are only wishing to make more and more money and advance their social status the chivalry and peasants are happy with their position, neither the Knight, nor the Plowman can be promoted to upper class. The difference is- the Knight, unlike the Plowman, is socially appreciated and respected.Those days your origin and social class membership was the most important part of social life. So, there is no wonder why people from middle classes wanted to be promoted and were ready to do anything to achieve that, on fair or unfair way. Although the po rtrait of medieval social classes is a little ironical and satirical (and still may appear a literary fiction), I think that it is very apparent that it is possibly a complete description of the actual English community in Middle Ages.

Victorianism Versus Modernism

Matias Gutierrez Mrs. smith initiation Literature 21 December 2012 OLD*******8 tight-lacedism in The inappropriate Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and modernity in The Metamorphosis Victorianism is about how the item-by-item could improve the decree. They believed that a technical several(prenominal) could grow the nightclub better as a whole and therefore improve life. Victorians focused on intuition and the doggeding for extremely realistic portrayal of life in both literature and art. Some aspects of Victorian sentiment were retained while others were discarded in a new movement called Modernism.Modernists focus on the individual but have the view that humans are beings without free will and that they do not cheek for guidance within them, but instead are driven by factors outside of them. According to Modernist thought, an individual is molded by the external factors that surround him. Therefore the way the monastic order already is will have-to doe with the in dividual and Modernism tries to portray the effects of this. Each style captures some issue about the individual in the society. As mentioned above, Victorianism and Modernism both focus on the individual and the society.An example of this from a Victorian perspective is, The rum Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, written by Robert Louis Stevenson. This novel zooms in on the view of the lessonity in race and society, incorporating science as well. Both of these aspects were vital to Victorian thinking. Victorian period began during the reign of Queen Victoria, which lasted amid 1837-1901. During this period the sciences went through a major revival. Both of these ideals are demonstrated in Robert Louis Stevensons The Strange Case of Dr.Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. This novel accurately captures the ideals and behaviors occurring at the time with extreme period and realism. A certain blue block of building thrust forward its gable on the street. It was two stories high showed no window, vigour but a door The door, which was equipped with neither bell nor knocker, was blistered and distained (2). Victorianisms desire for the utmost detail on even the most routine things was demonstrated in most novels during the period.The extreme realism creates a better picture of society and how things are occurring during the lives of the individuals living then. The notion of morality and science were in like manner in Robert Louis Stevensons novel The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. This is a story of a respected doctors attempt to separate the two different aspects of human nature, ingenuous and bad. Dr. Jekyll who is depicted as a moral and decent gentleman, who participates in charity work and has the reputation of being a courteous doctor, personifies the good aspect.His audition is to search to purify his good-natured self from his wild and alloyd side. His experiment goes awry instead Jekyll liberates his primal, deprave and criminal side taking the name of Mr. Hyde. Hyde is a troglodyte, a primitive creature who asks on understanding instead of conscious and moral decisions. His reputation as an animal grows as he commits crime by and by crime. Hyde takes his immorality to the limit. He is the complete opposite of Jekyll. The scene when Hyde takes the potion to transform him backs to Jekyll, He put the glass to his lips, and drank at one gulp.A cry followed he reeled, staggered, clutched at the table and held on, staring with injected eyes, gasping with open mouth and as I looked there came, I thought, a changehe seemed to swellhis face became suddenly black and the features seemed to take to the woods and alterand at the next moment pale and shaken, and half fainting, and groping before him with his hands, like a man restored from deaththere stood HenryJekyll (40). (Stevenson) This scene demonstrates that alchemy and science were to a great extent pursued during this time. lore was on the rise again during this period and Dr.J ekyll was interrogatory e trulything that science could do for the society and through his testing and experimenting Jekyll changes to Hyde who is the bane of society. His scientific experiment helps show society that one bad individual could alter the good life of society. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde showed people that being a good person is the best thing to do for society and for the individual. The reason Jekyll is a good example to show the Victorian qualities of science exploration and the effects the individual has on the world is explained by Masao, In this society of respectables Dr.Jekyll stands out as the precise pink of the proprieties(Chap. 1). Although his studies, like those of Faust and Frankenstein before him, tend toward the mystic and the transcendental (Ch. 10), he still manages to maintain a considerable scientific reputation. And yet, despite Jekylls social role-in fact, because of it-it is Jekyll who brings for Mr. Hyde. (Masao 470-480) Mas ao explains why Jekyll underwent his variation and how science heavily influenced his thinking to try this experiment. Masao also explains that science is viable through the well-mannered people of the time and their nousing of ways to improve society.The Modernism Period was about the individual and that the individual could not really change society. The Modernist literary period was marked by the reactions and sentiments towards global change and tragedy. The Modernist movement began around 1890 and lasted to 1945. Now during this time the World wars wreaked havoc on the most culturally, technological, and industrialized parts of the world which caused people to want to create tack together out chaos, or just to lose hope or alienate themselves which gave rise to Existentialism.With the creation of Modernism, came magical Realism, Existentialism, and a break against the traditional styles of the past. One Modernist writer who accomplished all of the criteria for Modernism is Franz Kafka. Kafka, who was a very troubled man during his lifetime, clearly showed the affect his life had influenced him in his writing. Kafka was severely depressed at clock and would express his feelings in certain stories of his such as In the Penal Colony and The Metamorphosis. Kafka would make his characters drop off his torment in a fantasy, magical realism way.He would invent new places and put no blessedness or positive perception in them. He would make his work reflect his depressive state of mind. some(prenominal) writers would explore traumatic or negative situations because during this time period thats all there was. War heavily influenced the Modernist movement. Another story of Kafka, Metamorphosis shows how constantly living in a depressive state or war torn area atomic number 50 affect the people in those areas. In Kafkas Metamorphosis, he introduces the main character Gregor Samsa as, a commercial traveler (89).Samsa is also described to be a impregnab le worker who works his shift to pay back the debt his parents incurred. Before Gregor is transfigured, he is the primary breadwinner for his family who just accepts his transaction and will do his best to fulfill it. After his transfiguration, he again doesnt even question why, how it happened, or how he can fix his predicament he has awoken to. He goes on trying to make life the best it can be. The opening line of Metamorphosis, As Gregor Samsa awoke one morning from uneasy dreams he found himself transformed in his bed nto a gigantic insect (89) (Kafka). Now as he realizes his alteration, he is totally unaffected by it. He continues thinking about how he will be able to make money for his family, even though there is no possible way he can help his family now. Kafka shows his sense of alienation and despair in reality through the lack of emotion in Gregor. It shows in the text that Kafka is deeply affected by his depression. Modernism is marked by the disengagement of morality or positive social criticism that was present in Victorian writing.However Modernism breaks from Victorian by showing that the individual is more than important to think about because Kafka shows what happens when the individual disregards it when thinking how to volunteer for the society. Kafkas illustration of the society recognizing how it can not help or change the society is shown also in the interpretation of Nina Straus, who writes that, Kafka sought to unravel by way of ambiguous writings and from which Gregor escapes through his transformation into an insect is Kafkas image of an unequivocal, completely virile and powerful system.In contrast, we must imagine Kafkas own body, a body with which he felt nothing could be achieved (29), and that bodys imagistic parallel in the pitifully thin legs of the insect Gregor, motion helplessly around a bulk that is divided into stiff arched segments (67). My body is too long for its weakness, it has no fat whatsoever for creating a beneficial warmth, for maintaining an inner fire, no fat from which the mind could someday nourish itself beyond its daily need without damaging the whole.How shall the weak heart manage to push the derivation through the entire length of these legs? The description shows how weak Kafka was during his life. He would rather try to improve himself than try to improve the flawed society that was being ravished by war, loss, despair and alienation. Victorianism and Modernism both focused on the individual and the society however they had very differing ideas about which was better to focus on. Victorians believed that helping the society was more important than focusing solely on the individual.A healthy and good person was extremely beneficial to the society and the way of life at the time. However introspection was not really praised but studying science was. Science was the way to improve society therefore Victorians were behind it completely. They wanted the best society possib le even if that meant sacrificing some introspection and self-enlightenment, which Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde demonstrates perfectly. Modernism, however, had given up on society. There was nothing the individual could do to improve his way of life. Their was set and nothing could change it.Modernists were particularly depressed with this thinking but it was heavily influenced by the World Wars. Kafka affected by this depression coped by creating Magical Realism as an escape from reality even though Metamorphosis still shows the flaws in society. Both of these styles have differing views on society and how society can make life better. Victorians were the first to believe that a healthy society meant good individuals but Modernists show that society will be flawed and there is nothing the individual can do to change this fact.Works Cited Masao, Miyoshi. Dr. Jekyll and the Emergence of Mr. Hyde. College English. 27. 6 (1966) 470-480. Print. http//www. jstor. org/stable/374021. Straus, Ni na. Transforming Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis. University of Chicago Press. 14. 3 (1989) 651-667. Print. . Stevenson, Robert Louis . The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Roslyn capital of Delaware Thrift Editions, 1991. Print. Kafka, Franz. The Complete Stories. New York Schocken Books Inc. , 1971. Print.

The Bielski Brothers: a Story of Survival

There are m whatsoever forms of survival. There is quick all day, endure quietly with the rest of the world. There is personal survival, fight in a mood of life only you know how. And then there is survival in the face of the greatest adversity, survival against completely odds. Survival as a group, when an even larger power is doing everything it can to keep you from surviving. This is the survival see by the troop of Jews detailed in The Bielski Brothers, the true story of how three brothers saved thousands by reenforcement in the forest.With this book, Peter Duffy tells the story of one of the greatest triumphs of Jews during the Holocaust in Nazi-occupied lands. The Bielski brothers group survived through a brutal genocide, even thrived in their forest camps, and were fitting to take a stand against their oppressors, fighting for their chastise to live. During this time in history, it was easy for most people to focus on themselves and their own personal survival. For most, it was every objet dart for himself, but not for the Bielskis. They worked as hard as they could to save as many lives as possible.Saving Jews was their number one priority, even above killing Nazis and destroying supplies. For them, saving these Jews was an even more powerful way to get back at the Germans. Even when it was hard, when the winter was harsh and food supplies were low, the Bielskis never turned anyone away. Tuvia Bielski, the first brother, is quoted as saying, I would rather save one old Judaic woman than kill 10 German soldiers (Duffy, P. x). The Bielski Brothers shows that one of the keys to survival is having a strong leader. In the effort to save Jews from ghettos, heroes were found in unlikely places.The success of the Bielskis themselves was itself unprecedented, but they would not have saved so many without the help of others. wizard important hero to the Bielski Jews was Konstantin Koslovsky. Despite being a Gentile, he was dedicated to helping the escaping Jews in any way he could, offering shelter, food, and passage into the puscha. Unlikely leaders also formed among groups in ghettoes, think elaborate escape and survival methods. The biggest leader of the forest groups was Tuvia Bielski, whose commanding presence and dedication were an inspiration to the Jewish people.He orchestrated the entire forest party, leading rescue missions and raids against Nazis and cooperators. Asael and Zus Bielski were also leaders of their own partisan fighting groups, and Asael was a liaison with the Soviets. The Bielski Jews not only survived in the forest, they thrived there. Instead of seeing the puscha as a prison house trapping them in, it became a haven full of exemption and life. They turned their situation around and flourished in intentness and the arts. Shops were get along up to manufacture goods like weapons, shoes, foodstuffs, and furniture.The forest camp even had a school and a theater group. The group performed songs, skit s, and dances, entertaining both the Jews in the camp and visiting partisans and Soviets. This was a huge tease to the Nazisthat they had not only failed to eliminate all Jews, but there were even some that felt freedom and success during this time of oppression. Everything the Bielskis did was in defiance of the Nazis, and in protection of their fellow Jews. They gave their group of refugees a star of security, and hope for the wars end.Although the Bielski brothers greatest triumph was saving thousands of Jews by living in a forest, they also triumphed against the Germans in other ways. One of the first things the Bielskis did was set up fighting groups among the escapees, who planned attacks on Nazis, the police, and German cooperators. Most people of this time followed a submit-to-survive mentality, never rising against their tormentors in the hopes that they would stay existing by keeping their head down. The Bielski Jews, however, while still focused on survival, took a com pletely different approach to it.They knew that the Nazis would never let them live, no matter how a lot they cooperated with them. So, in consecrate to survive, they went against the Germans and fought back. The Bielskis and their fighters were organicly scrappy in their actions against their enemy. They stopped at nothing to take down as many Nazis, cooperators, and supplies as possible. They set mines and watched the roads for approaching Nazi convoys, then, using weapons made in the forest camps, shot the drivers and guards, took as much food, weapons, and other goods as they could, and destroyed the rest of the equipment.When they got word of incoming train shipments, they lay in attend near the tracks and took down the train, taking valuable equipment from the Nazis and using it for themselves. When peasants cooperated with the Germans by feeding them, turning in unfathomable Jews, and offering intelligence on the Bielski partisans, the fighting groups would visit the p easants homes, take their food, and kill everyone living there, without hesitation. This merciless placement protected the camp from not only outside enemies, but also from dissent within the group. When IsraelKessler challenged the lead of the Bielski brothers, Asael Bielski did not hesitate to execute him. Even on their last day in the puscha, when a man defied Tuvias orders to only take personal belongings from the camp, Tuvia shot him immediately. The Bielskis made it clear that they had complete control, and electric resistance would not be tolerated. During the Holocaust, the one thing everyone was striving toward was survival. The Bielski brothers were some of the most successful at this goal, surviving in a series of forests in Belarus against all odds.They saved 1,200 Jews from ghettoes, with the help of Gentiles and Jews alike. Even under the extreme duress of World War II, with a fierce enemy constantly out to get them, they were able to thrive in their forest communit y and feel a taste of freedom in the centre of a great prison. They fought aggressively against both the Nazis and the ideal that they must suffer quietly in order to survive. The Bielski brothers and their allies were an inspiration to many ghetto Jews, and they continue to inspire people with their courage and strength.

Theater Play of the 1960 Broadway Musical Bye Bye Birdie

Who will eer forget Susan Watson? Or irradiation Van decameter? Or Chita Rivera and Dick Gautier? These genuinely renowned Broadway actors and actresses played the key roles in the theater play mountain pass Bye birdie (1960) that, for more than fifty years now, has been successfully revived and passed on from generation to generation. Would you ever forget the 1950s contestation sensation of America? The vibrant era of the number one American rock star venereal infection Presley? Well, of course Elvis Presley wasnt there in the play, but Conrad Birdieplayed by the gorgeous Dick Gautierlooked and sang and acted like Elvis Presley.The foremost time I saw a poster of the original theater play, I even thought the actor was, indeed, Elvis Presley. There are so many aspects of them that appeared the same. Well, so much for Elvis Presley As I was saying, Dick Gautier played the key role of Conrad Birdie who was supposed to be a gorgeous and dazzling rock star of the 1950s. All the teenage girls were struck by his beauty and his sex appeal, yet when they heard that he was about to leave and join the U. S.Army, the girls of Sweet Apple, Ohio were so horrified at the news to the extent that Conrad had to come apart a farewell performance for his very devoted fans, the next time he guests live at the Ed Sullivan television program. One very fortunate fan of him will get a forgive kiss from the astounding Conrad Birdie. His manager, Albert Peterson who was played by Dick Van Dyke, decided that the lucky girl should be the sexy and luscious Kim McAfee, who is actually Susan Watson of the original Broadway version of the play.I might have to say that I favorite(a) Ann Margaret to play the role of Kim McAfee in the movie version of the Broadway theater play. Ann Margaret was very attractive and charismatic. Do we dumb have to ask why she was chosen to give a solo number at the very start of Bye Bye Birdie? Well, 22-year-old Ann Margaret was in her yellow dress, a nd with all her charm and magnetism, flirts her way by means of the camera and straight to the eye of the beholder, which is the audience. Thats how the play starts, and I think I have seen her first song for about uh twenty times?Nope, dont think of anything else I was merely in the process of getting out the true magic of the song. Then next in line would be the songs The Telephone Hour, How Lovely To Be A Woman, Put On A Happy Face, and A Healthy, Normal, American Boy for Act I. Then for Act II would be songs like What Did I Ever suck In Him? , A Lot of Livin To Do, which is my favorite, also the songs Baby, Talk To Me, Spanish Rose and, finally, Alberts savour song for Rose Grant, the song Rosie.

Celebration to Individualism in Mary Shelly’s “Frankenstein” Essay

What comes to mind when the idea of wild-eyed Literature enters your head? Immediate imageries consisting of two lovers, a rose, or even a starlit sky may come to mind. In Mary Shellys Frankenstein, she disproved these imageries by creating her own scenario with grotesque images and lonely characters. Many have overlooked this novel as a romantic literature but it is actu all toldy one that contains the most elements of a romantic literature. Romantic literature emerged done a movement called Romanticism. Romanticism can be defined as a movement in art and literature that revolted against rigid social conventions. In Frankenstein, Mary Shelly stresses the importance of case-by-caseism in Romantic Literature by developing various narratives of the story to generate perspectives of the same environment through contrary narratives.Robert Walton begins the novel through an epistolary frame for the actual story to build on. We learn that Walton is on a journey to venture to an area w here no man has gone before and is also in try for a close companion. Although he is amongst a huge crew of men, he mat as if he was on the voyage by himself. He narrates the story through several letters to his sister until we learned that he encountered a new friend, Victor Frankenstein. Frankenstein thence began to tell his story as the narrative switched from Walton to Frankenstein, the chief(prenominal) narrator of the book.As the story shifts to Victor Frankenstein, we begin to understand his life story as an individual that was much isolated from everyone else. With the congregation of his life studies, Frankenstein was able to bring life or artificially gave parenthood to a grotesque monster. At first he was proud of his work but he subsequently abandoned the creature due to its hideous looks. The monster proceeds to kill the people that are appressed to Victor in his life, leaving him totally alone. Though torn by remorse, shame, and guilt, Victor refuses to admit to anyone the horror of what he has created, even as he sees the ramifications of his creative act spiraling out of control. Frankenstein then finds himself succeeding(prenominal) to the monster in a cave as the monster decides to describe the loneliness he had felt ever since he was born.The monster that Frankenstein created began narrating his life and thecruelty he had to endure alone. It is born eightsome feet tall and enormously strong but still has a mind much like a newborn. Abandoned by his creator, it was confused as it tried to integrate himself into society, only to be shunned universally. Looking in the mirror, he realizes his physical grotesqueness, an aspect of his being blinded society to his initially gentle, kind nature. Seeking punish on his creator, he kills Victors younger brother. After Victor destroys his work on the womanish monster meant to ease the monsters solitude, the monster murders Victors best friend and then his new wife. It was once in a gentle sp irited nature, it had become angry and violent as it remained in solitude.The emphasis on the individuals expression of emotion is displayed through out the novel. The information of the characters in the story is presented by each character alone. The split narratives of these three characters allowed the story to unravel all the mysteries that the other narrators left out. Robert Walton, Victor Frankenstein, and the monster isolated themselves from others as each one told their own story. The rejoicing of individualism in the novel permitted a better understanding of each character individually as each one of them are left alone in the end.

Religiosity of Hwadu (Koan) Meditation

Hwadu means a Korean word for koan. A koan can be pronounced as ko.an, which is a dialog, a question, a theme or a statement in the history and lore of Zen Buddhism. Generally containing aspects that ar ungetatable to rational understanding, yet that may be accessible to intuition. Hu serviceman beings atomic number 18 made perfectly. It has the trunk, soul and musical note which other creatures here on land do not possess. It has the capacity to rationalize things happen around. The gentle beings are created as the most intelligent and superior creature here on earth exclusively the argument is how can a human being considered as superior when he/she does not alert of his/her own mind? Perhaps, if a human being ponders and seeks whats really in his/her mind, he/she testamenting be able to comprehend his true nature. .A human being who comes to that deep realization and wake is regarded as a Buddha (Enlightened or Awakened One), a master of all things and a noble man inde ed. He or she is iodin who transcended the commonplace and was awaked from the shared bad dream that we call as everyday waking reality. All human beings are perceived as Buddhas in spirit as they are born. But if the mind of a Buddha is obscured by normal upbringing or trauma, he or she will lose awareness of Buddhahood and function as a sentient being.As long as one is lonesome(prenominal) concerned with the luggage compartment and enslaved by the idea of separation, desire and dependence on satisfaction from the environment, this humans will remain as a defiled realm, full of uncertainty, fear and suffering. But upon rout outing to ones intact Buddhahood, this very same world becomes a Pure Land. The purpose of practicing Zen venture is to awaken the mind. This practice doesnt involve just seated quietly and trying to calm and pacify the mind. It doesnt also entail contemplating the breath. Instead it involves direct inquiry into a hwadu. An example of a hwadu would be a question such as asking of things (what is this? or what is this mind?).What you are searching for can be called by many different names -mind, spirit, soul, true nature, and so forth - only such designations are just now labels. You should put aside all of these names and reflect on the fact that the true master of the body is more than just the label mind. The master of the body is not the Buddha (awakened), for it is not yet awakened nor is it anything material, because it cannot be physically given away or received, nor is it simply empty space, for empty space cannot pose questions or have knowledge of good and evil. thither are many ways how hwadu hypothesis being practiced.Korean Buddhism was able to formulate and developed unique characteristics that will only be found in them. The initiatory part of its characteristics is that Korean Buddhism is Seon (Zen Japanese pronunciation of Chinese character Buddhism. Seon Buddhism follows the tradition of Juaseon or sitting surmi se with Hwadu (Koan) practice. The foremost part of its characteristics is that Korean Buddhism is Seon (Zen Japanese pronunciation of Chinese character Buddhism. Seon Buddhism follows the tradition of Juaseon or sitting meditation with Hwadu (Koan) practice. It aims to bring the human being into his or her own Buddha nature without to study complicated teachings of Buddhism. 1 (Korean Buddhism Basis of Japanese Buddhism, The Soul Times, May29, 2004).The other way is the yogic exercise. Yogic exercise involves not only the mind per se but also it involves body movements alike in the form of exercise. There are lots of yogic exercises such as hatha yogic exercise which is known as yoga physical exercises like jogging, walking, swimming and doing household chores and yogic breathing. In yogic breathing just combine the three body positions sitting, standing and lying on the back. To effect it, combine all the three part- abdominal, middle and upper parts of the chest in a wave-like movement.After exhaling completely, begin to inhale, letting the abdomen come out a little, and filling the lower part of the lungs, then expanding the ribs, while slightly drawing in the stomach until lastly the top part of the lungs is filled. Yogic exercise has lots of benefits not only it provides good relaxation but most of all you enjoyed it. The view points of dependent origination especially the religiosity of hwadu meditation is believing and doing the things as they are. Dependent origination is a doctrine that believing the entire teaching of Buddha. They believe in meditation practice especially in tranquility and insight.Buddha taught also breathe, visualization practice and among other as conducive to mental cultivation Peaceful reflection then gives rise to happiness or bliss, which in twist leads to a state of Samadhi or deep unshakeable concentration. In dependent origination, human being is believed to be loathsome and struggle to fulfill their desire which is i mpossible for anyone to do. The more they search, the more anxious they become. Suffering follows all the way. There is no balance and fulfillment because peoples minds are dominated by Ignorance. Therefore, imperfection will always be present.Zen Buddhists are generally known as the meditation Buddhists. Zazen is a particular kind of meditation which is unique to Zen that functions centrally as the very heart of the practice. Basically, zazen is the study of the self.ReferencesKorean Buddhism Basis of Japanese Buddhism. The Seoul Times, May 29, 2004. The Seoul Times, May 29, 2004 http//www.buddhistnews.tv/current/kr-buddhism-290504.phpOn Dependent Origination by Ryuei Michael McCormick 2002.http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koanhttp//www.indiangyan.com/books/yogabooks/yoga_harmony/complete yogic_breathing.shtml