Oedipal and Electra Complexes Essay example -- Sexuality Heroine Freud

Oedipal and Electra Complexes In Rebecca female sexuality is investigated through the heroine’s representative improvement of a negative Oedipal complex followed by an Electra complex. In spite of the fact that evasion of interbreeding was accepted by Freud to be the driving force for typical sexual turn of events, the film investigates the unusual result of a negative Oedipal/Electra complex, for example substitution of the mother by the little girl as the father’s hetero love intrigue. The champion is torn between her longing to converge with Rebecca and to isolate from her because of this blend of negative Oedipal and Electra buildings. The key distinction between these two edifices underlies the heroine’s advancement. The distinction between a negative Oedipal and Electra complex isn't unpretentious. A negative Oedipal complex includes love for the mother as Freud’s â€Å"bisexual attraction†. The young lady will want and relate to her, wishing to imitate her. An Electra complex is characterized by the girl’s envisioned contention among mother and little girl for the father’s love. For Freud the hetero improvement of young ladies is increasingly hard to disclose contrasted with that of young men in light of the fact that the young lady must change the object of her affection from lady to man. At first the young lady has a negative Oedipal complex until some reactant event moves her into an Electra complex set apart by abhorrence of the mother and competition. In a typical Freudian non-perverted relationship the young lady will move love of the dad to other men and won't quit cherishing the mother altogether. In a depraved relationship the young lady will dispense with t he danger of the mother, have her spot, and take part in a sexual relationship with the dad. Dodging this, Freud accepts, drives the female sexual turn of events. Grasping this, Hitchcock shows, drives the unheimlich improvement of Rebecca. Emblematically in the film, the fundamental characters assume the jobs of key players in Freud’s improvement techniques. The stunning champion is plainly the young lady, exceptionally youthful comparative with Maxim and for the primary portion of the film honest, feeble, and little. She is made littler by the overwhelming nearness of Rebecca, who for her exemplifies the ideal female. Proverb is obviously the dad figure because of his age comparative with the champion and his relationship with her. His remarks about her being a kid, his longing for her never to grow up or wear ... ...e devastation of Mandalay and the demise of Danvers, her last obvious admirer. The last scene shows Maxim and the courageous woman grasping, hinting that they go on to a hetero, emblematically perverted relationship that isn't dominated by Rebecca. In short the heroine’s improvement in the film from an innocent, frail young lady into a ground-breaking, educated spouse is reflected by this emblematic change from a negative Oedipal stage to an Electra stage to a dad girl depraved relationship. The heroine’s activities are not given express support in the film, yet the run of the mill conduct of Freud’s world renowned young lady coordinates her conduct impeccably. The champion attempts to become like the lady who she trusts Maxim cherishes, fizzles, and attempts at that point to contend with her. The wind on the Oedipal/Electra complex comes about when the girl’s female contention goes to adjusted restriction to the dad against the mother prompting a forbidden relationship, definitely the result Freud’s hypothesis tried to keep away from. Since the film’s advancement of the champion veers from ordinary sexual improvement along these lines, Rebecca’s improvement accomplishes Hitchcoc k’s looked for after unheimlich impact.

Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Marketable strategy - Essay Example PC programming industry is blasting and has the most elevated development rate when contrasted with different businesses. As per Commander (215) worldwide delicate product showcase is worth $370 billion. Delicate product industry in the USA surpassed $ 261 billion out of 2007. The yearly development rate was 14% in 2007. The yearly development rate has been above 15% since 1990. This shows the market is huge and continually developing. Application programming programs perform real business and industry jobs. Therefore, most organizations think that its helpful to investigate their organization data. Delicate product application instruments are getting well known. They include information access and recovery, information the executives, information control, program structure and advancement programming. As per Stair and Reynolds (168) organizations use e-items to improve the tasks of the business ventures. Word preparing, stock administration programming, database the executives, modified information investigation application, advance adding machines, bookkeeping applications, work area distributing and realistic plans are a piece of the online office administrator that are increasing overall acknowledgment in the business world. Help administrators and different laborers to examine organization data. Data examined utilizing the online office director accelerate dynamic and ends in the business endeavors. Baldauf and Stair (421) affirms that e-items set aside company’s time and cash. In this manner, there is a wide market for the online office director application. The main goal of Buzweb Inc. is to create easy to understand office the executives applications that have different employments. The subsequent target is to guarantee that the workplace the executives applications hold their viability consistently. The third target is to enhance the current office applications. The fourth target is to create reasonable office applications for all business ventures. The administration theory of Buzweb Inc. is

AP Literature Exam Essay Samples - A Beginners Guide

AP Literature Exam Essay Samples - A Beginner's GuideAP Literature Exam Essay samples are provided to all students who take the exam to help them become familiar with the format and the questions asked. However, a lot of students often get confused about which questions are being asked during the exam. Aside from the sample questions, they also get confused on how to answer the specific questions and which format should be used for their responses.There are several ways to make the best use of your time studying for the exam papers. The best way is to do research about the kind of questions that are being asked during the exam and the format used by the professor. Some of the questions may be very similar to other tests of the same kind that you have already done, so it is very important to be familiar with the format used by the professor for your exams.Before you begin studying for the exam papers, you must know exactly what format you will be taking. The format is not always the s ame, so you must know which questions to expect and how to answer the questions if you wish to do well in the exam. If you do not know this beforehand, you will be having a hard time getting familiar with the format and the general process of the exam.Most of the time, the essay samples that you will be using are based on what the professor has asked during the exam. This is the usual format used. However, there are some questions that are based on the format that is commonly asked during the exam, so it is necessary to know this information before you begin studying for the exam.You can find many different essay samples that are based on the format that you will be using in the exam in the library. However, this method is not the most effective way to study. What is more effective is to look at the information available online for the exam, especially the sample questions. There are a lot of websites where you can find these kinds of information, but you must be careful that the in formation that you will find are correct.If you have already read about a particular situation that is asked during the exam, you can then go back and look for the same questions and format used in the book. By doing this, you will be able to answer the questions that you did not know how to answer and you will not forget any details that you learned in the book. The essay samples will also help you focus on the information that you need to be familiar with in order to be able to answer the questions properly.You can also refer to review guides to help you learn more about the format that is used during the exam. Review guides are usually written by experts in the field and can give you an overview of the format that you will be using during the exam. You can also refer to the book that you can purchase from the bookstore for the format that you will be using in the exam.It is important to remember that the essay sample that you will be using is not the only thing that you should be familiar with. You should also be familiar with the format that is being used during the exam, and what the professor expects from you. Knowing the basics of the format will help you become familiar with the things that you need to be familiar with in order to prepare for the exam.

How School Leaders Can Improve Teacher Quality

School leaders want all of their teachers to be great teachers. Great teachers make a school leader’s job easier. Realistically, not every teacher is a great teacher. Greatness takes time to develop. A major component of a school leader’s job is to improve teacher quality. An effective school leader  has the ability to help any teacher take it to the next level. A good school leader will help a bad teacher become effective, an effective teacher become good, and a good teacher become great. They understand that this is a process that takes time, patience, and a lot of work. By improving teacher quality, they will naturally improve student learning outcomes. Improved input equals improved output. This is an essential component of school success. Continuous growth and improvement are necessary. There are many ways that a school leader can improve teacher quality within their building. Here, we examine seven ways that a school leader can help individual teachers grow and improve. Conduct Meaningful Evaluations It takes a lot of time to conduct a thorough teacher evaluation. School leaders are oftentimes overwhelmed with all their duties and evaluations are commonly placed on the backburner. However, evaluations are the single most crucial aspect when improving teacher quality. A school leader should routinely observe and evaluate a teacher’s classroom to identify areas of need and weakness and to create an individual plan for that teacher to improve in those areas. An evaluation should be thorough, especially for those teachers who have been identified as needing significant improvement. They should be created after a substantial number of observations that allow a school leader to see the entire picture of what a teacher is doing in their classroom. These evaluations should drive a school leader’s plan of the resources, suggestions, and professional development that is required to improve individual teacher quality. Offer Constructive Feedback/Suggestions A school leader must offer a list that includes any weaknesses which they find during the evaluation. A school leader should also give detailed suggestions to guide teacher improvement. If the list is exceedingly comprehensive, then pick a few of the things that you believe is the most important. Once those have improved to an area deemed effective, then you can move on to something else. This can be done both formally and informally and is not limited to what is in the evaluation. A school leader may see something that could improve the teacher on a quick visit to the classroom. The school leader may offer constructive feedback intended to address this smaller issue. Provide Meaningful Professional Development Engaging in professional development can improve teacher quality. It is necessary to note that there are a lot of terrible professional development opportunities. A school leader needs to look thoroughly at the professional development they are scheduling and determine if it will produce the intended results. Engaging professional development can foster dynamic changes for a teacher. It can motivate, provide innovative ideas and gives a fresh perspective from an outside source. There are professional development opportunities that cover just about any weakness a teacher has. Continuous growth and improvement is essential for all teachers and even more valuable for those who have gaps that need to be closed. Provide Adequate Resources All teachers need the appropriate tools to do their job effectively. School leaders must be able to give their teachers the resources they need. This can be challenging as we currently live in an era where educational funding is a significant issue. However, in the age of the Internet, there are more tools available to teachers than ever before. Teachers must be taught to use the Internet and other technologies as an educational resource in their classroom. Great teachers will find a way to cope without having all the resources they would like to have. However, school leaders should do everything they can to provide their teachers with the best resources or provide professional development to use the resources they do have effectively. Provide a Mentor Great veteran teachers can provide tremendous insight and encouragement to an inexperienced or struggling teacher. A school leader must develop veteran teachers who want to share best practices with other teachers. They must also build a trusting, encouraging atmosphere in which their entire faculty communicates, collaborates, and shares with each other. School leaders must make mentor connections in which both sides have similar personalities, or the connection may be counterproductive. A solid mentor connection can be a positive, learning venture for both the mentor and the mentee. These interactions are most effective when they are daily and ongoing. Establish Ongoing, Open Communication All school leaders should have an open door policy. They should encourage their teachers to discuss concerns or to seek advice at any time. They should engage their teachers in ongoing, dynamic dialogue. This dialogue should be continuous especially for those teachers who need improvement. School leaders should want to build engaging, trusting relationships with their teachers. This is essential for improving teacher quality. School leaders who do not have this sort of relationship with their teachers will not see improvement and growth. School leaders must be active listeners who offer encouragement, constructive criticism, and suggestions when appropriate. Encourage Journaling and Reflecting School leaders should encourage inexperienced or struggling teachers to journal. Journaling can be a powerful tool. It can help a teacher grow and improve through reflection. It can help them better recognize their individual strengths and weaknesses. It is also valuable as a reminder of things that worked and things that did not work so well in their classroom. Journaling can spark insight and understanding. It can be a dynamic game-changer for teachers who genuinely want to improve.

What Community Supplies by Robert J. Sampson - 1142 Words

Senior Project Reflection Yolanda Elders Mrs. Watson English IV 3 April 2009 Reflection What were the total hours spent on the product? A. Research I spent a total of five hours on my research. During my hours I spent I have learned so much. My research has helped me to realize the increase and decrease of the men salaries. The research has helped me to understand what should I do to let the younger teenagers know about the men salaries, and why they are rated so high. Some people think since they are men, their salaries should be rated high. While doing my research there are many different reasons why men are the top salary markers. B. Product My product consist of†¦show more content†¦My first complete my product was to do a video showing the completion between the salaries. I couldn’t turn that in too early because I was told it would be best to show it at a later time. So, I had to change it two to three times because I didn’t know what to do I came to make a survey and brochure. Assess the success of your product. My product was a big success. At first, I didn’t have a camera to take my pictures, which made me worry about getting my product finished, but God made a way to get my Pictures taken. I had already had my product planned out, so the next thing to do was take action. The pictures came out to be great photos, which were picture perfect. After everything was complete, success had taken place. What did the project teach you about yourself? It taught me how to be a leader. As I went through each step of the senior project, I learned that anything is possible long as you put mind to it. I also learned that I cooperate well with others. Another thing that I am now prepared for any task needed to be done. I learned that if you want to be successful, you have to work hard and never give Up. Iam ready for the world and ready for any obstacle that is put before me. What would you do differently now that you are finished? 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Jewelry Has A Strong Case Against Jennifer Lawson

Memo Introduction In paper, Greene’s Jewelry has a strong case against Jennifer Lawson because Jennifer breached the confidentiality agreements that she signed with Greene’s Jewelry. In the agreement, it specifically indicated that Jennifer could never disclose any information regarding â€Å"Ever-Gold† creating process, which is patented and owned by Greene’s Jewelry. Jennifer not only stole a draft letter that contains the details of creating Ever-Gold but also took it to Greene’s competitor Howell Jewelry World in order to obtain a job offer from the company. The employment contract that Jennifer signed with Howell is a certain evidence of her unjust enrichment. Regarding Jennifer Lawson’s claim that she encountered wrongful termination at Greene’s, it is simply a misinterpretation of Greene’s legitimate reduction in force. The company no longer had a need for any junior executive secretaries. The downsizing was unfortunately but legal. Facts and Laws Jennifer alleges that she was terminated because of her pregnancy. She neglects the fact that Greene’s discharged her because her position, junior executive secretary, is redundant to the company. It is transparently that Jennifer is a member of protected class and was dismissed. Yet Greene’s did not violate The Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA) under Title VII. According to Title VII 42 U.S.C.  § 2000e-2(a), it is an unlawful employment practice if an employer discharges any individual because of such individual s race,Show MoreRelatedBusiness Law1164 Words   |  5 PagesApplication of Law to the Facts: In light of all the facts based upon the law relating to nondisclosure agreements (NDA’s), a court most likely would rule in favor of Greenes Jewelry. This ruling comes from the matters of breaking legal contracts. NDA’s are legal binding contracts. Ms. Jennifer Lawson breached the confidentiality agreement/contract, that she was required to sign upon working for Greenes, when she took secret information to multiple competing jewelers. The agreement was a validRead MoreApplicability of Greene’s Jewelry Wholesale, Llc vs. Lawson Memo2617 Words   |  11 PagesApplicability of Greene’s Jewelry Wholesale, LLC vs. Lawson MEMO INTRODUCTION Jennifer Lawson, who was rightfully terminated during Greene’s Jewelry Wholesale’s downsizing effort for consistent tardiness throughout her three years of employment with Greene’s Jewelry Wholesale, breached the confidentiality agreement to not share any information regarding the process used to create â€Å"Ever-Gold,† by sharing key process elements in producing Ever-Gold to a competing business named Howell Jewelry World. Ever-GoldRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesvi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ ManagementRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesdecentralizing the HR entity so that each functional area of the company has an HR manager assigned to it. The HR managers were expected to be key contributors to their areas by becoming knowledgeable about the business issues faced by their business functional units. Today, HR managers participate in developing business strategies and ensure that human resource dimensions are considered. For instance, the HR manager for manufacturing has HR responsibilities for 600 employees. In that role she contributes

Nutrition and Obesity free essay sample

Fast food and obesity Americans are heavier than ever before and, according to the CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) approximately 127 million adults in the U. S. are overweight, 60 million adults are obese, and 9 million adults are morbidly obese. Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems. Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases, particularly heart disease, type 2 diabetes, breathing difficulties during sleep, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. It can be caused by many reasons. One obvious reason is the rise in fast food consumption that companies are so adamant on pushing the public to buy, especially children. With fast food chains creating more and more ways to entice the American public to eat their food, it is becoming harder and harder to stay in shape these days. The fast life of America is quickly taking its toll on the public with the silent enemy called obesity creeping up at an alarming rate. In fact, the rate of it overtaking our lives is so fast; the Surgeon General has called it an epidemic. Now, the real question is- are fast food restaurants really the culprits at work here? In this essay I intend to compare two very different takes on fast food companies and their ways of making people fat as well as my stand on the matter. In the short essay â€Å"Don’t blame the eater† author David Zinczenko tries to explain why fast food restaurants are the main reasons for obesity in America. He starts by sympathizing with the overweight kids who are taking legal actions against McDonalds by comparing with his own 80’s portly self. He explains that fast food is the easiest for- particularly teenagers who do not have any alternatives because of their parents’ assiduous lifestyles. While the author got a lucky break when he joined the navy reserves, he argues that most of the teens are not that lucky because they become ensnared in an unhealthy lifestyle. The author is seriously concerned about the deficiency of healthy alternatives in any given neighborhood. The essay deals with a lot of statistics to show the health hazards of obesity as well as the immense cost of it. The author indicates that the absence of proper calorie labeling on the fast food items causes the public to unknowingly intake excessive calories. He also suggests that these chains intently withhold understandable calorie information- with an example of a company’s chicken salad. In spite of the apparent low calorie information that is labeled, the author proves that with the unlabeled dressing and a large soda that comes with it makes the calorie intake go off the charts. This essay criticizes fast food restaurants harshly for deliberately marketing towards children. In the end, author David Zinczecko debates that it’s just a matter of time before state governments meddles in on account of the sharply rising cost of health care due to obesity. The second article that I would like to summarize is â€Å"What you eat is your business†, the author Radley Balko clarifies his opposition to regulating fast food industry. He presents politicians and their articulated plans of banning fast foods and sodas from schools across the country and all other anti-obesity initiatives. For example, he is profoundly against â€Å"fat tax† on high calorie foods and menu-labeling legislation. This essay explicates how aggrieving the options of food available to the public is an incorrect way of fighting obesity. He believes promoting sense of responsibility in people is the best way to combat this epidemic. He compares America’s health care system to socialism by stating that our well-being is now a matter of â€Å"public health†. The author is clearly irritated due to our health care system demanding some people to pay for others medicines. He explains how preventing the health insurers from charging higher premiums to overweight customers take away the stimulus to maintain a healthy lifestyle. The essay demonstrates how the public is becoming less self-conscious and more conscious about everyone else’s health. He argues that penalizing the food companies for unhealthy eating habits of the people paves the way to a socialist economy. The author’s opinion on the best way to fight obesity is to remove it from public health sector and to hold the public responsible for their own eating habits. He suggests that letting the health insurers to reward or punish lifestyles is the best way to stop the socialization of medicine and health care, thus combating obesity. It may be difficult for many of us to empirically establish a causal link between fast food and obesity because our health, at the end of the day, is our own responsibility. But if we compare the theories that connect fast food to obesity with the vast amount of data that we already have, we can clearly see that fast food is the top reason why most of us are fat. I want to explain with one experiment that has been done recently. In  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Effect of Fast Food Restaurants on Obesity†Ã‚  (NBER Working Paper  14721), researchers  Janet Currie, Stefano DellaVigna,  Enrico Moretti, and  Vikram Pathania  undertake a careful study of the effect of fast food on obesity using the exact geographic location of fast food restaurants. The authors include women for whom they observed at least two births in their sample, so that they can examine whether changes in fast food access between one pregnancy and the next are associated with changes in the probability of excessive weight gain. The authors use vital statistics data from 1989 to 2003 for Michigan, New Jersey, and Texas, the states for which they were able to obtain confidential data with mothers names and addresses. Turning to the results, the authors find that proximity to a fast food restaurant significantly increases the risk of obesity. For these mothers to be, having two fast food restaurants within 0. 10 miles of their household increases the probability of clinical obesity by 8. 3 percentages, overweight by 10. 6 and childhood diabetes by 1. 9 percentages. It means out of every hundred newborns, two has diabetes because of fast food. Out of every hundred women, eight are morbidly obese; eleven are seriously overweight, again, because of fast food. And that’s just in one neighborhood. Fast food restaurants are quick to deny the blame that is being thrown at them by litigious consumers and health professionals. They have become typical in the past 30 years and practically all of America takes advantage of the cheap prices, quick service and tasty meals. Convenient as they are, these meals contain practically no nutrients. They are made up of mostly saturated fats and refined carbohydrates and are packed full of sodium and sugar for addictive taste. According to CDC, an average adult shouldnt have more than 65 grams of fat or 2000 calories a day. One meal from Burger King, a hamburger and French fries, has 50 grams of fat and 2000 calories, which is enough to fill someones fat and calorie intake for the day. Scientists report that study participants who visited fast food restaurants twice a week or more gained ten pounds and experienced double the increase in insulin resistance compared to subjects who visited these places less than once a week. Worst of all, these fast food companies are blatantly targeting children with their colorful toys, clowns and playgrounds inside the restaurants. It seems to me that they are planting the habit of eating at their establishments in these kids as a long term investment. When kids grow up with this unsupervised habit of eating fast food, it is extremely hard to break. Many can argue why parents do not watch what kids are eating. The solution is not so simple, especially with the increasing amount of single parents who are extremely busy trying to manage everything by themselves. Thus fast food becomes the best choice on the quick lunch and dinner menu. In conclusion, while it is clear that fast food restaurants are here to stay, we need laws that govern how they can go about their business. Many believe that it is best to educate people than actually trying to control fast food chains. While educating the public is obviously a good way to go, the best and economical approach would be to form laws that regulates their business. For example, our mayor Michael Bloomberg recently passed a law that bans selling of any soft drinks over sixteen ounces in fast food joints. It’s definitely cheaper and more effective than visiting every neighborhood and schools trying to educate the public about the dangers of sodas. As heartbreaking as it is, with the technological singularity on the horizon, it will become increasingly difficult to mass control our sedentary lifestyle. Instead we can try controlling our intake of the food and for that we need a law. As the health care cost of obesity soars through the roof, I’m hopeful that at any moment now the federal government will have long needed regulations on fast food companies.

Euthyphro Problem

Introduction The Euthyphro problem is a dilemma that seeks to delineate the relationship between God and piety. The dilemma is about whether something is inherently pious or dependent on God’s perception. According to Hardwig, Socrates inquires from Euthyphro whether something is pious because of God’s love or God loves it because it is pious (263).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Euthyphro Problem specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More If something is pious because God loves it, it means that piety is in the mind of God. To argue that something is pious because God loves it is absurd and ambiguous, for morality and ethics could be quite arbitrary depending on God’s perception. God could have perceived vices such as murder, rape, lies, and theft as virtues. On the contrary, if God loves something because it is pious, it means that piety emanates from a different source other than God. To argue that God loves something because it is pious contradicts theists’ belief that, God is the foundation of morality and ethics. The Euthyphro dilemma can either lead people to believe that God’s perception of piety is arbitrary or that God is not the foundation of morality and ethics. Given that the Euthyphro problem is a dilemma, how is it best solved? Solution to Euthyphro problem According to the Cartesian solution, God is supreme and all arbitrary in that no power can limit his will. It means that God’s will is truly supreme and beyond human comprehension. Given God’s supreme will, he differentiates what is right and wrong without any limitations and restrictions in terms of ethics and morality. Hardwig argues that, God has no boundaries for his supreme will transcends goodness and badness, and thus has the capacity to define piousness in nature (364). Since God is omnipotent, he possesses nature together with all inherent attributes and limitations. Godâ₠¬â„¢s attribute of the supreme will enables him to differentiate what is good and bad, for his nature reflects piousness. Thus, God’s supreme will can either command or commend what is pious, hence resolving both problems in the dilemma. However, Cartesian solution is inadequate because it assumes that piety is an attribute of God and ethics. Contemporary nominalists deny the existence of moral and ethical attributes in God. They claim that supposed dilemma of Euthyphro is non-existence and thus deserve no solution. Contemporary nominalists argue that Euthyphro problem need a default solution because God is sovereign, as nature does not exist. If nature does not exist, then it is meaningless to compare God with nature for the sovereignty is dominant.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Hardwig, nominalists assert that perception of God as having divine attributes such as goodness is extremely subjective and limiting in understanding of God’s nature (266). An attribute of goodness is so broad for anyone to classify it as one of the attributes of God. Thus, nominalists argue that God is factually and truthfully able; however, goodness is not a distinct attribute of God, but rather his nature. Thomas Aquinas gave a Thomistic solution, for he asserts that God and goodness are one. Thomistic solution to Euthyphro problem is that piety is God and God is piety, thus an attribute of goodness is an inherent attribute of God. The Thomistic solution confirms that God is the source and foundation of morality and ethics. According to Hardwig, God has a nature reflected by his goodness; God is good and goodness is in God (267). In this view, Aquinas resolved both dilemmas of Euthyphro problem by asserting that goodness is an attribute of God and nature. It, therefore, means that, goodness is an inherent property of nature; hence, God loves nature becau se of its piety. Moreover, because God and nature are one, his sovereign power makes nature good. Thus, God is good and goodness is in God as reflected in nature. The assertion that God is good, and goodness that is in nature is God, brings out the problem of superiority between God and nature. However, such assertion proves that God is eternally powerful and unlimited because he has no boundaries. According to Augustinian solution, Euthyphro problem requires differentiation of nature and sovereignty attribute of God. Augustinian solution involves modification of Thomistic solution, which states that, God’s nature is identical to nature as he has diverse attributes that are not identical. Hardwig asserts that, God is composite in that multiplicity and unity of his attributes determine his sovereignty over nature (267). Thus, entities of goodness that constitutes ethics and morals are subject to his power. Hence, Augustinian solution affirms that God can make something pious b ecause he has power over nature. Conclusion Euthyphro problem has haunted atheists and theists because its resolution has formed the basis of worship and ethics. While atheists argue that ethics is independent of God as something is inherently good, theists argue that piety is an inherent attribute of both God and nature. The two arguments has perpetuated Euthyphro problem and has created a complex dilemma that seems eternal. However, Cartesian, nominalists, Thomistic, and Augustinian solutions have attempted to delineate and resolve the problem. In view of these solutions, it is evident that piety is an attribute of both nature and God, and God is sovereign.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Euthyphro Problem specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Work Cited Hardwig, John. â€Å"Socrates’ Conception of Piety: Teaching the Euthyphro.† Teaching  Philosophy 30.3 (2007): 259-268. This essay on Euthyphro Problem was written and submitted by user Bella Fuentes to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Huntington Beach Art essays

Huntington Beach Art essays In Art Brewers gelatin silver print entitled Huntington Beach Culture, 1985 there are eleven central figures that dominate the print. The eleven people portrayed in this piece are each wearing varied pieces of beachwear and holding different beach objects. The print is divided into nine equal squares, each containing either one or two people against a white background. The squares represent negatives of a photo demonstrated by small numbers on the outline of each square and the imprint of a negative design. The top left square contains a male teenager standing upright wearing a black wet suit that is peeled away from his chest, hanging at his hips. He is slightly sunburned, wears a smile, and stands barefoot. In his left hand he holds erect a pale yellow surfboard with the world CYCLONE inscribed in cursive on its side. The top center square contains a teenage boy and girl. The boy is on the left and the girl is on the right. He is wearing a white tank top, blue board shorts, and no shoes. Under his right arm, he carries a boogie board with the letters OP and in his right hand a drenched yellow and grey wetsuit. He is smiling and has chin length dirty blonde hair. The girl to his right has shoulder length wavy brown hair and is bending over slightly giving the boy a kiss. She wears a bikini, its top decorated with a cheetah print and the bottoms covered by a pair of white shorts. She also sports a pair of flip flops on her feet. In her right hand she is holding a multi colored horizontally striped beach chair and wears a black knapsack on her back. The top right box of this print includes a smiling African American middle aged male wearing a blue, pink, and yellow wetsuit with the word Aleeda across his chest. Under his left arm he carries a white surfboard. In the second row of boxes in this art piece, the one on the left contains an older white male wearing a blue and black wet suit that is half ...

Housing Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Housing Finance - Essay Example The housing financial sectors can play very essential and important roles in this process. As a policy officer I had great chances to work with governmental homes, communities, agencies and council of members of that particular locality. With respect to my vast experience in this field I have some views regarding housing and regeneration, which I want to share with the people of Chesterfield Derbyshire. The proposal for housing and regeneration is on account of the great demand of people who cannot forward their housing demands to the open market. The local council members have got the authoritative power of local housing. They are responsible for conducting researches and analysis regarding housing matters and trends. They organize funding for special housing schemes according to social environments. Moreover the environmental factors are very much related to housing and health policies. The awareness regarding these matters will enable to manage the housing and regeneration policies so perfectly. The center for planning and housing research often conduct seminars to verify the currently prevailing situation of housing and housing finance. This enables the housing and planning authorities to adopt methods and schemes to be implemented for the uplifting of the project. These types of seminars are too much worth since they can provide certain views regarding housing schemes and mortgage market. Sometimes these seminars are helpful for designing houses at affordable prices according to market trend. The main disadvantage of this process is the instability of the global economic condition. If the economic instability is prevailing for a prolonged period that will effect the housing and housing financial sector so inversely. In such situations the central and local ministry can do something positive to countercheck the falling trend in housing sector. The authorities of housing, financing, planning and regeneration can do a great deal if the governmental agencies are ready to supp ort them. This associated event will enable them to find out fresh alternatives to deal such unfavorable situations so successfully in both social and private housing sectors. The very common alternative at this juncture is to develop plans to construct houses at affordable costs irrespective of the economic down fall taking place globally. While undertaking this task the government must simultaneously launch measures to reduce the price hike and cost of living among common men, so that the government can succeed in bringing the poverty under control. All these miraculous measures are capable to make the ordinary people feel anything unfavorable with respect to economic recession taking place globally. Role of housing and planning research centers Housing and planning research centers can be commissioned by governmental authorities and community personnel. This is a very suitable suggestion to estimate the improved housing schemes. These innovative housing schemes can be made popularized among people of any concerned locality by providing them suitable awareness and advice. This is very essential to eradicate any existing misunderstanding among the people regarding housing and regeneration process. The advices and awareness class are capable to familiarize people about affordable schemes such as low and medium housing projects. The community planning division can

Letters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Letters - Essay Example This draws reference to the way they have mistreated the Negro population at the time they pray. Freedom has been denied and this is what disappoints King. Ethical argument: By informing his audience that he is not unmindful of the fact that a number of them have taken steps in handling the issue amicably, he implies that he is sensitive. This wins the clergymen’s love after he has admonished their poor leadership. He finds it important to appreciate the efforts sop far involved so that they can keep on improving. King decides to speak this way after realizing that most black people were being discriminated in church matters and therefore it is imperative that this kind of attitude is discouraged among the clergymen. The church essentially should unit people. Their grievances were not being put forward. He realized that demonstrations had increased among the African American populace following the bad treatment they received from other white people in the United States of

Representation Of Morocco In Western Cinema

Representation Of Morocco In Western Cinema Morocco, its people and culture, has tickled the fancy of westerners long times ago, even before the colonial era. With the western industrial revolution under the advocacy of the imperial inclination, different generations of western writers and film makers have depicted Morocco according to the colonialist requirements and desires of the moment. The Anglo-American literary and mediatic productions as a scion and legatee to the ideology of European colonies in general, turned their gazing gawk on another Arab space of North Africa, mainly Morocco. The original outset of the Anglo-American interest in Morocco can be traced through the successive genres of travel narratives, novels, essays, etc. which took Morocco as their subject of writing and setting of shooting films. Going back to some historical reviews of the literature written about the representation of Morocco in the Anglo-American cinema and literature, we find that political, economic, and religious motivations are various pretexts that legitimize the western representation of Moroccan people together with their different cultural aspects. In Belated Travelers, Ali Bahdad has shown that westerners from the early travelers to modern tourism have defined the other including Moroccan people as savages, child like, sexually thrilling, etc. From the early British literature led by Daniel Defoes Robinson Crusoe(novel film) to the American writers led by Paul Bowles The Sheltering Sky(novel film), Morocco has been presented in the western imaginary as a land of jinns, dervishes, harems, all darkly promiscuous, sly and inscrutable. The film in its turn as an extension of narratives has sustained the same discourse of novelists. Most films shot in Morocco present the Moroccan space -desert and kasbah- as a dangerous setting. Through such representations, film makers seem to seek an identity through military, economic and sexual adventures, in which the Moroccan other is continuously cast as inferior and the dark element of the night. Babel, The Sheltering Sky, Legionnaireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦remain major films where film makers insist on the alienating forces of the Moroccan cultural threats, in which the pure nobility of the white character must defy. It is rarely that we see some fair characteristics displayed by actors, showing the real image of Moroccans. The favourable setting favoured by film makers is most of the times dirty and shabby districts. The film makers always try to find places even far and may cost them more money just to find a place that can cast Morocco as inferior and uncivilized lacking the basi c requirements of life. Traditional and orientalist writings about Morocco are indistinguishable texts and images affixed and engrafted onto the modish mode of films. From the early talkie, Morocco (1930), the classic Casablanca (1942), road comedies Road to Morocco till Five Fingers (2006), Morocco becomes a confining other space and a penal complex for the recalcitrant Anglo-American heroes. The Muslim and Arab gears of prevalently fixed stereotypes are applied likewise to portray Moroccans and supply the requisite background rapscallions, dickhead and wilful, etc. Such representations persevere to inhabit the imaginations and thoughts of the western audience largely and hardly to be changed. Edward Said has clearly identified the function of Arabs in western cinema: In the films and television the Arab is associated either with lechery or blood thirsty dishonestly. He appears as an oversexed degenerate capable (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) of cleverly devious intrigues, but essentially sadistic, treacherous, low. Slave trader, camel driver, money changer, colourful scoundrel: these are some traditional Arab roles in the cinema. (Orientalism, 286-87) Unfortunately, Morocco is geographically situated within two antagonist streams of the west as an Arab and African, uncivilized parts of the world. All types of stereotypes given to Arabs, Muslims and indigenous black Africans are also used identically to describe Moroccans. Throughout history of the Anglo-American cinema, Moroccan characters (Arab Africans) have served as the quintessential other in foreign cinema. Moroccans have been consistently represented as inferior to the west orally, intellectually, culturally and politically. In the post 9/11 world and London bombardment, where some Moroccans were found guilty and involved in terrorist acts, Moroccans are perceived as antagonistic to western values and a threat to the western stability. In Babel, the film maker clearly shots this belief to show that all Moroccans are against the American presence in Morocco including tourists who are bulleted by a small Moroccan child in the mountains. CNN reports and considers this event a terrorist attack. In this conjunction, Woll and Miller argue that the Arab image has stalked the silver screen as a metaphor for anti-western values. The movie Arabs, and the television Arabs, have appeared as lustful, criminal, and exotic villains or foils to western heroes and heroines (Ethnic and Racial Images in American Film and Television, 79). Across the films under study, Anglo-American cinematic productions seem highly obsessed by stereotypical images of Moroccans. Arabs and Africans in general and Moroccans in particular are cinematically constructed to possess a wide array of loathsome characteristics: they may be backward, wild, cruel, blood thirty, crude, sex-crazed, stupid, dishonest conniving or menacing. Year after year and decade after decade, hundreds of films have flooded the market with a large number of unfavourable Arab and African depictions. In his book, Reel bad Arabs: How Hollywood Vilifies a People, Jack Shaheen has studied more than one thousand films with major Arab themes and settings, about 40 of which are about Morocco. In his latest book, just after 9/11, Guilty: Hollywoods Verdict on Arabs after 9/11, Shaheen has studied again more than one hundred films about Arabs picturing them as responsible for what is happening now around the world. Within these bundles of stereotypes, one can wonder about the reasons behind all these biased descriptions. As a response to such questions, many scholars like Churchill agree that it seems necessary to alter realities to assume the maintenance of empire (Fantasies of the Master Race, 38). Churchill goes on saying that mere conquest is never the course of empire in the achievement of mission can only be attained through the productive utilization of captured ground (34). Within the same line of thought, Pieterse writes that the legacy of several hundred years of western expansion and hegemony, manifested in racism and exotism, continues to be recycled in western cultures (White on Black: Images of Africa and Blacks in Western Popular Culture, 9). Coming to mediatic representations, we find that Brzezinki in Out of Control: Global Turmoil on the Eve of the 21st Century, Naylor in Cultural Diversity in the United States, and Shohat and Stam in Unthinking Eurocentrism all agree that Hol lywood cinema promotes Eurocentric representations in order to further an economic and political propaganda. In the present time, which is characterized by terrorism, we see that the movie discourse of the First and the Second World Wars repeats itself and continues to endorse and legitimize the imperial vision of the white mans burden. Buschbaum asserts that as early as the First World War, many western governments recognized the propaganda potential of film (Left Political Filmmaking in the West: The Interwar Years, 26), in the Second World War, in Rosss words, the movie industry and its key personal exempted from military service (Cinema and Class Conflict, 82). Many scholars like Martin, Hoberman and Shaheen claim that the best movies of the 1930s promoted colonialism, neo-colonialism and imperialism. These films include Marta Hari, Shangai Express, Tarzan the Ape Man, Flying Down to Rio, etc. During the 1950s, this imperialistic agenda was furthered in films such as those starr ing Ronald Reagan- Hong Kong, Tropic Zone, Prisoner of War- all uphold the idea of the United States domination of the third world countries and were often made with the government assistance. Passage to india: british cinema Although these biased representations within the commercial films have moderated somehow over years, we can say that the visual image of the other Arab and Moroccan in particular is still very poor. Jack Shaheen in his interesting documentary Reel Bad Arabs: How Hollywood Vilifies a People (YouToub Video), explores that the 20th century witnessed a large number of films degrading and distorting the image of Arabs including Moroccans. Anglo-American film industry is now theorizing and supporting wars through different scenes that the audience seems to take for granted. Due to this grave impact that such films have on the targeted viewers, Hoberman finds it very necessary to assign these Eurocentric films a new genre called war-nography (Vulgar Modernism, 227). Many films unabashedly affirm traditional Anglo-American values and institutions and negate everything anti-western. Among these movies, we can mention Kingdom of Heaven, Black Hawk Down, True Lies, The Mummy, Raiders of the Los t Ark, The Stone Merchant, to name but a few. In my thesis, I will study and attempt to prove that the films made about Morocco: Babel, Casablanca, Hideous Kinky, Five Fingers, The Road to Morocco, A Night in Casablanca, Legionnaire, The Man Who Knew too Much, The Sheltering Sky, Our Man in Marrakesh, Man of Violence, Unveiled, and some others fit within the aforementioned category as well. In Hideous Kinky, despite some short instances where fairness manifests itself, Moroccans are targeted for stereotypical representations within British films. As Varsey succinctly states: the British influence in general, and its impact in the area of colonial relations in particular, had far reaching implications for Hollywoods depiction of ethnic difference (Foreign Parts: Hollywoods Global Distribution and the Representation of Ethnicity, 699). She concludes that Hollywoods representations of ethnic and national difference and the movies modulation of these stereotypes were informed not by the personal psychologies of individual production, but by the economic imperatives of global distribution. Shome in Race and Popular Cinema: the Rhetorical Strategies of Whiteness in the city of Joy, and Young in Fear of the dark: Race, Gender, and Sexuality in the Cinema have all concluded that racial representations within cinema exemplify how the discursive productions of whiteness is often complicit in the practices of neo-colonialism. Religious representations are equally as stereotypical as other cultural portrayals within films. According to Newcombe, film images of people associated with religion typically represent widely shared level(s) of popular cultural expressions of religious attitudes that are safe neutral, and often used because of their immediate visual qualities (Religion on Television, 33). These religious representations also serve to support neo-colonialism since they frequently ritualize the values, beliefs, in Schultzes words, and even the sensibilities of a people (Television Drama as Sacred Text, 5). Moroccan religion or Islam in general has been the victim of representations that pre-date the movies dual purposes of religious loathe and economic exploitation. In this conjunction, Rose elaborates: There are Muslims who are of different origins, while most, like the majority of Palestinians, are Arabs, the followers of Muhammed are found in parts of the world. There is the dominant religion in such non-Arab states as Bosnia, Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, Malaysia, and Indonesia. (They and We: Racial and Ethnic Relations in the United States, 58) However, in the films under study, the Moroccan Muslims are often depicted as dark Arabs and nomadic heathens because black becomes the colour of the devil and demons. While watching the movies, the majority of Moroccans remain cinematically either part of the movie backdrop or totally invisible. In addition to this stereotypical account, another representative feature that portrays Moroccans in the Anglo-American cinema is that they are doubly misrepresented as Arabs and Africans. Hoberman concurs that the misrepresentation of the Other in general has achieved a state that had surely blistered the paint and the chrome of the American dream machine. Why should anyone want the facts? Shared fantasies are what hold a people together (Vulgar Modernism, 328). Within this religious representation, Moroccans could not escape the Hollywood machine through its films about Morocco, mainly The Five Fingers, which depicted Morocco as a place of terrorist groups and savage terrorists. What makes this religious representation very perilous is the audience who take things presented through the motion picture for granted may be throughout their lives. In a study conducted by Schaefer, the American sociologist, about school children who watched D.W. Griffiths Birth of a Nation, he found that watching the movie made them more favourably inclined towards blacks for five months when children were retested (Racial and Ethnic Groups, 80). So if school children could not forget the image of blacks presented in The Birth of a Nation, how adults of world audience could overlook the Moroccan image in Babel, Five Fingers, Casablanca, etc., especially if we consider that most people take images as truth based. The audience gameness to believe whatever images th ey see in the movies is clearly explained by Contreras in Practical Consideration for Living and Working in Contexts of Diversity: Most individuals are quite capable of forming opinions without adequate prior-knowledge, thus forming a prejudgement either for or against a group, idea, or person. For example, after learning about the bombing of the federal building in Oklahoma, how many people immediately thought the explosion had been the work of Arab terrorists? (Cited in Naylors Cultural Diversity in the United States, 330) Similarly to what happened during the evens of Oklahoma, moviemakers have tried to instil the idea of Arab terrorism in the minds of the audience either through special effects or real military victories. Balio, Barder, Bordwell and Thompson, Shohat and Stam and Hoberman all concur that the movies have influenced virtually every human activity, from politics and warfare to sexual behaviour and dreaming. It is true that after the events of 9/11 for example, the movies have turned Americans as Hoberman notes into Bob Hoskins in Toontown, real people wandering around delirious mental landscape of special effects, feel good fantasies, and militaristic spectacles (Vulgar Modernism, 334). Method This thesis is a cultural studies-based inquiry into the politics of Moroccan representation in the Anglo-American movies and the role they play in deepening the abhorrence and misperception of Moroccan cultural aspects by the west. This thesis will also re-articulate a way of understanding the links between the representations of Moroccans in the Anglo-American films and the unleashing of violence and insolence towards Moroccans and Arabs in general. The primary research questions guiding my research are: In what ways have Moroccans and Moroccan land been represented in the Anglo-American movies? Is it possible to describe a new specifically Anglo-American form of Orientalism that is distinct from old European forms? How is the identity of Moroccans articulated in opposition to an Anglo-American identity? To investigate these questions, the thesis relies on a range of data sources: primary and secondary analysis of films, scholarly books and articles, reviews of films, etc. that can help to contribute to a better understanding of how cultural domination can work upon the minds and practices of filmmakers to act around the Moroccan character in a large sample of movies. To decode the movies messages, I find myself in a situation where every component in the film must be analysed critically as Martin says in his book, Hollywoods Movie Commandments the critic must consider both the way in which the action is portrayed and the effect on the audience (91). Plot, character, theme, point of view, and setting are all typical areas upon which analysis should concentrate. Because of the films peculiar visual qualities, each of these areas takes on additional dimensions. Character, for example, is not only written into the screenplay, but also interpreted and portrayed by the actor. Even more im portantly, many of these traditional elements of narration are staged through mise-en-scene. When the action is being filmed, the shot, speed of motion, tonality, sound and special effects become also important interpretive factors within a film since cultural representations within a film can be depicted or influenced through these elements. In this research, I will shell out more concentration to issues raised in the different films and to what they say about Moroccan society and its values. The research relies on cultural studies and the postcolonial theory as its main theoretical and methodological approaches to interpret and analyse the selected films. I will make use of the literary critique of the elements of narration together with the ways in which these elements are portrayed visually. I will use the elements of narration as a guide to discuss the cultural representations across the scenes. Through the postcolonial theory, I aim at re-examining the Moroccan reality with the process of redefining Moroccan identity presented in the Anglo-American cinema. Thus the Moroccan voice will be raised with the promise of giving optimism to the silenced Moroccans in the films. Three native Moroccan movies will be employed in this research as a postcolonial means to describe people, things and values that live or relate to the geographical locations of the Moroccan society. These films are: M. Abdderrahman Tazis Badis, Farida Belyazids A Door to the Sky (Une Port sure le Ciel) and Laila El Marrakshis Maroock. Through Moroccan third cinema, Moroccan filmmakers led by Abderrahman Tazi define themselves and participate in the discursive processes that rule their destiny. It is true that A. Tazi remains the leader of the third cinema in Morocco which is manifested in his films Badis, Looking for my Wifes Husband, Lalla Hobby, etc. in these films, he tries to avoid shooting scenes that seem a kind of fetish for the west (cited in Beyond Casablanca, 66). A. Tazis wakefulness of the subjective representations of western movies is developed during his work with Anglo-American filmmakers who came to make films in Morocco. In his interview with the American anthropol ogist, Kivin Dwyer, A. Tazi recounts one of the bad experiences that demeans his pride as a Moroccan working with a Hollywood film maker John Derick while filming Bolero (1984). John Derick says to A. Tazi while facing a problem in one of the shots: what the hell am I doing here in this country? Why didnt I go to Israel, where people are more civilized, where people are less like-savages (Beyond Casablanca, 44). It is hoped that the postcolonial approach which allows for and respects different narrative voices will provide an apt method for looking at the different histories and values reflected in selected Anglophone movies. It is also my hope that the postcolonial method will enhance an understanding of different approaches used by various filmmakers as they attempt to disengage the Moroccan identity from the imperial syndrome. Rationale for the corpus The studies of the history, criticism and analysis of these films about Moroccan people and culture are significant in many ways. These films are sampled across the British and American film productions. The selection of the films is based on certain criteria. Since Im dealing with the representation of Moroccan identity in the Anglo-American cinema, I tried to choose only films that have been shot in Morocco and taking Moroccan culture as the main theme. The films are also selected according to the messages they transmit to the audience about the Moroccan religion, politics, culture, space, geography, women, traditions, etc. in Babel, for example, we see the filmmakers representing Morocco in unfair way; we see very old women in black smoking, even young children attacking American tourist- an action which seems to present that all Moroccans young or old hate the American people. In the same movie, we notice again the same old story of sexuality reiterated in the acts of presenting the Moroccan characters sexually thirsty even to their brothers and sisters. In the Sheltering Sky and Hideous Kinky, again, we see stealthy figures appear and disappear without intimating whence they come, nor where they go. These figures seem wearing turbans as big domes standing in shadows waiting to mug a western passer-by. In this film, we also see presentations of the Moroccan Kasbah as a labyrinth where western people are doomed to death. In Five Fingers, Islam, main religion in Morocco is associated with terrorism and denunciation of western spectrum. Legionnaire is the film where Moroccan space is divided into two: a dangerous desert from which no western visitor can escape, and whore streets for sexual pleasure for soldiers. All the films selected for this study are those that narrate Moroccan experience from an imperial eye. This presentation of course affects the Moroccan individual and society. The films continuous impact on identity and culture leads us to study some indigenous films productions shot by Moroccan film makers. The Moroccan films would serve a counter discourse to question and rectify the ideological representations imposed by outside cinematic productions.

Analysis of Invisible Man Essay -- Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man

Ralph Ellison wrote the book Invisible Man in the summer of 1945, while on sick leave from the Merchant Marines. Invisible Man is narrated in the first person by an unnamed African American who sees himself as invisible to society. This character is perceived and may be inspired by Ellison himself. Ellison manages to develop a strong philosophy through this character and portrays his struggle to search for his identity. He uses metaphors throughout the book of his invisibility and the blindness of others in which is a part of the examination of the effects of racism. The development of this unnamed â€Å"Afro-American† character helps set the foundation on the philosophy of understanding who he is. The narrator undergoes experiences such as the battle royal, the Tuskegee Institute, the Trueblood visit, and the blueprint seller in which is full of corruption and deceit. In the prologue, the narrator introduces himself as an â€Å"Invisible Man†. He lives in a basement of an apartment building that only allows white tenants. He describes how he steals electricity from the Monopolated Light a...

Emerging possibilities and ongoing reforms Essay

In 21st century, nations are increasingly becoming diverse, globalised, and complex and media structured. This rapidly changing world filled with fantastic new tribulations needs to be addressed using exciting new emerging possibilities. To adopt new possibilities, modern education reforms are progressively driven by a growing understanding of what works in education and how to go about productively improving teaching and learning in schools. This essay will focus on emerging possibilities and ongoing reform in primary education that are necessary for 21st century learning and hence need to be embraced both locally and globally. This essay will include the elaboration on emerging technologies that are being utilized with the purpose of meeting the global and local requirements and ongoing reforms on education such as Gonski for better schools, Melbourne declaration that acknowledges major changes in the world that are placing new demands on Australian education and globalization. People around the world are taking their education out of school into homes, libraries, internet cafes and workplaces, where they can decide what they want to learn, when they want to learn and how they want to learn. (Colin, Allan et.al, 2009, p3). This new learning model uses technologies to enable people of all ages to pursue learning on their own terms. Traditional class room based, single teachers as instructor model of education has now been replaced by emerging technologies that are being developed constantly in today’s fast moving digital world. It is an innovative technology that is reshaping the nature of education. Computer and network based technologies now hold great potential for increasing the access to information as well as a means of promote learning. (schoolcomputing.wikia.com/wiki/Emerging_Technologies). It redefines the way educators teach and the role of sole source of information to being a guide, facilitator and coach in the learning process. The major emerging technologies for primary education can be interactive whiteboard, I pads and cloud computing. Interactive whiteboard is designed to help students learn variety of ways and for teachers to teach in a range of ways with the ability of using online resources and fun presentation. It is an emerging technology in Australia but globally like UK it has been found to be successful and effective in teaching primary students (Torff & Toritta, 2010). Now what is the rationale for using interactive whiteboard in primary classroom? It increases motivation and performance of student as teachers  can integrate flexibly a variety of pedagogical approaches and the power to efficiently deliver multimedia or multimodal presentation with a touch sensitive screen. It can also increase the student and teacher interaction and can make the teachers teaching process smoother and effective. An interesting element of interactive whiteboard is it allows students from different classroom around country and globally to interact through programs such as Skype or YouTube. This allows for an expansive online classroom, broadening the students own community of practice. Another form of emerging technology is the use of Ipad in the classroom, which is a creative, hands-on device which allows students through educational applications, eBooks and iTunes to engage with content interactively and instantly obtain information moving away from the industrial era model where the classroom is the central learning place. Why do teachers might use Ipad in primary classroom? There are number of reasons why Ipad can be very beneficial emerging technology but one of the most useful features is its sharing information, receiving updates and conducting research hence helpful in communicating and collaborating with the world outside the classroom. Ipad can be very useful tool to interact with others around the world so it connects and create extended learning. Final emerging new technology for 21st century learner is cloud computing. It refers to as the future of education and storing and accessing of applications and computer data often through web browser rather than running installed software on personal computer. (www.cloudcomputingdefined.com). It is an interactive tool where student and teacher can instantaneously collaborate both in and out of the classroom and learn in real time with instant feedback. Cloud computing provides transparency for teachers and their student; collectively they are able to communicate with each other. What is the rational for cloud computing being a useful emerging technology for 21st century learner? One of the reasons it can be useful is its versatility as it can be accessed from home or school therefore great for collaborative assessments or group based projects. This new technology will encourage students to develop and maintain ICT skills (http://cloud-computing3100.wikispaces.com/Rationale+for+cloud+computing). The driving force behind educational reform comes from new technologies that greatly enhance educational opportunities. These new emerging technologies  allow the improved pedagogy that will revolutionize learning. ( Molebash, 1999). In 21st century, ubiquitous availability of ICT had significant implications on education. A significant reform is needed in education, world-wide, to respond to shape global trends. Systematic education reform is needed that include curriculum like National education agreement, pedagogy, teacher training and school organization like GONSKI reform. (Mcgaw, 2009, p1). Earlier this year, Skidmore and Carmicheal mentioned in The Telegraph UK that â€Å"reform is not only necessary, it is essential if we are to ensure that pupils are equipped with the knowledge and skills for the twenty first century.’(Skidmore and Carmicheal, 2013). Being able to do my practical placement at Garfield Barwick School managed by Royal Institute of Deaf and Blind Children (RIDBC), I realized that there is a huge requirement of special education teachers not only in Australia but globally. In England, an education reform is passed where parents are given control over their children’s special education needs (SEN) budgets, allowing them to choose expert support rather than local authorities being the sole provider. (Quinn and Malik, 2012). This is described as being the biggest reform of SEN for 30 years. However, while this reform offer hope, it create anxiety among parents too, as it divides children into two groups School Action and School Action plus. Lorraine Peterson, chief executive officer of the Nation Association of SEN, fears teachers could be left with endless lists of pupils and too little expertise as to how to deal with them (Shepherd, 2012). Furthermore ,there is also a concern in relate to this reform that what impact it will have of forward planning and co-ordination of putting budgets in the hands of many individuals and families, keeping in mind that not all parents are best advocates of their children’s needs hence will not be able to provide the best expert assistance for their children. (Shepherd, 2012). This is one of the drawbacks of SEN reform in England. In comparison to that, Australian government has deferred this reform since 2009 in order to allow more time for further consultation. (â€Å"Special education reform put on hold – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)†, 2009). An article by Philip Garner and Fiona Forbes in 2012 mentioned that Australia is appeared to slow down in some areas of special education and appearing to adopt wait and see approach. (Garner and Forbes, 2012, P 62). Currently Australia is investing $550 million in Improving Teacher Quality National  Partnership, in this reform agenda, priority and highest status should be given to inclusive environment to ensure that schools are given best possible teachers to be inclusive for the special need education. (Garner and Forbes, 2012, P 65). Special education need reform is not particularly focused locally but globally like UK it is getting implemented. The core principal behind this reform is proper funding to school and teacher training to allow every child to receive world class education and Australia is endeavoring to establish a reform around SEN. Gonski reform can correlate to SEN reform as it focuses on the funding of schools to support their student and help teachers to receive additional training and support, from pre-service teachers to principals. Under Better School Plans commencement in 2014, it is a plan to improve results of all schools and students by introducing education reforms that evidently improves results. This plan is based on five core areas; 1.Quality teaching 2.Quality learning 3.Empowered school leadership 4.Meeting student need 5.Greater transparency and accountability This plan aims to take Australian schools into top five by 2025 (What is the Better Schools Plan?, n.d. ). Therefore why do we need this plan? This plan is mandatory to meet the international standard as it has been revealed that even though Australian schools are good, our performance is declining and a greater gap has developed between highest and lowest performing students. The recent review of funding of schooling stumbled on current school funding do not fulfill the requirements necessary to meet the educational needs of all students (What is the Better Schools Plan?, n.d. ). In my point of view, Melbourne Declaration on education goals for Young Australians can articulate better school plans core reforms by overarching two goals for schooling in Australia where one goal promote equity and excellence in schools and secondly making creative individuals and active and informed citizen. Under this declaration, local education goals can collaborate with global education goals. The Melbourne Declaration supports National Education Agreement which articulates the commitment of Australian government to ensure that all Australian school students acquire the  knowledge and skills to participate effectively in society and employment in a globalised economy. (Educational goals | ACARA†, 2009). This National Education Agreement (NEA) has been made between the Commonwealth of Australia and all State and territories. The key objective of this agreement is to enable Australian students to compete with world and participate effectively. Under this agreement, the state wise curriculum is abandoned and standardized curriculum is introduced which is called national curriculum. It is ongoing reform and changes to curriculum is commencing from next year starting from English then moving into Mathematics and Science. Consequently, all of these reforms are in cooperating emerging possibilities to meet the local and global requirement. (National Education Agreement, 2012). To meet the pace and acceleration of 21st century, these emerging technologies need to be embraced and in doing so reforms need to be constructed, this way we will achieve success both locally and globally. In conclusion, education is transformed by emerging possibilities and in this technology rich environment, one must remember that educational focus is on learning and instructional goal instead of technology itself, because technologies are merely tools or vehicles to deliver instruction and are just driving force for education reform. These emerging technologies shift the local education scale to global and hence promote to develop reform around these new emerging possibilities so we can meet the global standard. Thus, for successful 21st century learner, emerging possibilities and ongoing reforms are necessary and need to be embraced both locally and globally. References Cloud Computing Defined. (n.d.). Retrieved October 1, 2013, from http://www.cloudcomputingdefined.com Educational goals | ACARA. (2009). Retrieved from ACARA website: http://www.acara.edu.au/reporting/national_report_on_schooling_2009/national_policy_context/educational_goals.html Educational goals | ACARA. (n.d.). Retrieved October 3, 2013, from http://www.acara.edu.au/reporting/national_report_on_schooling_2009/national_policy_context/educational_goals.html Garner, P., & Forbes, F. (2012). Disposable assets. Are special education teachers still needed in 21st

Realism And Romance Coexistence By Charlotte Griffiths Essay

Realism and Romance Coexistence Charlotte Griffiths S00902011 Regent’s University London English Literature: Introduction to Medieval and Renaissance Literature ENL401.R_T1 George Yeats 24 October 2016 Get rid of titles for each section to create natural flow in essays Introduction In both literature and art, realism usually expresses a message in a way that depicts situations in a real way while romanticism explains messages by utilizing fiction. Romanticism lays emphasis on hyperbole, plot, feeling, and metaphor. (Specifically for this time period the use of chivalric act and quests for honour, the kindness and everlasting stoaty to one woman) By contrast, realism emphasizes on details, characters, objectivity, and separation of narrator and author (making characters more relatable, such as gawain having flaws) . Romanticism typically rebels against previous art and writing forms by emphasizing on beliefs, feelings, fantasies, and imaginations (Brown, 2009). The style utilizes personal freedom and impulsiveness hence breaking the barrier that exists between the author and the reader to ensure that the author has freedom to comment on events taking place within a story as well as take time to play with the audience, third person narrative. Uncommon and freque ntly supernatural forces and characters act in various romantic stories (Putter, 2014). (is this usefull come back to editing that ) For realism, it usually resides at the